Honouring displacement, embracing resilience: the displaced Aurarian project in downtown Denver

Introduction to Special issue

in Italy, many cases studies of therapeutic green spaces are built into healthcare infrastructures, but only some of these follow the principles of healing gardens. Scientific literature and international case studies offer many contributions of evidence relating to how therapeutic green spaces can support traditional treatments. The paper analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor spaces and healing gardens' features; the main research questions were: "Can we synthetize experience-based design strategies for therapeutic green spaces and healing gardens? How can we prioritize the most relevant ones for the healthcare infrastructures?" Research Method is divided into three different steps: 1st case studies' selection; 2nd case studies' analysis, and 3rd quali-quantitative comparative matrix. ten case studies were identifiedfour of them have the therapeutic green space on the ground floor,despite of the other six having the healing garden on the rooftop.The best experience-based design strategies for the therapeutic green spaces or healing gardens development were identified from the previous comparison matrix, and divided into A.Safety, Security and Privacy; B.Accessibility; C.Physical and Emotional Comfort; D.Positive distraction; E.Engagement with Nature; F.Maintenance and Aesthetics; and G.Sustainability. The results obtained from the comparative matrix are qualitative and quantitative design elements in terms of type of element / space, percentage, perimeter, area, number, materiality, shape, color, among others. The quali-quantitative matrix is a useful and practical tool that allows the designer to have a base of design guidelines that can be later applied to the proposal of new therapeutic gardens.

Despite being recognized as a cost-effective method to enhance physical and mental health, Healing Gardens remain insufficiently popularized in outdoor spaces of hospitals. This paper aims to introduce a new perspective and offer guidelines for their implementation within general hospitals. A methodology is proposed for formulating hospital-specific guidelines, encompassing the extraction of successful Healing Garden features from case studies, definition of key components grounded in theoretical frameworks, validation of essential features through user questionnaires, and comprehensive site analyses. The methodology was applied in a case study at Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan. This research presents a novel perspective and robust methodology for implementing Healing Gardens in general hospital settings, potentially improving physical and mental health in a cost-efficient manner. This work aims to encourage the adoption of Healing Gardens as preventive medical tools in more healthcare settings. By providing a comprehensive methodology and a case study illustration, this research endeavors to stimulate broader acceptance and utilization of Healing Gardens in healthcare environments.

Introduction: Having specific physical and mental characteristics, elders require a variety of needs and care. Depression is one the most common psychological issues in elders and neglecting the quality of elders’ medical environment can impact their mental health. Aim: The present research aims to investigate the design of a healing garden at elderly care centers with an approach to improving the mental health of elders suffering from depression. Method: The present research has been conducted quantitatively and through the Grounded Theoury method. The research statistical population included elders suffering from depression residing at Najafabad Ayatollah Modarres Psychiatric hospital in 2020 that from among these individuals, 15 depressed elders between the age of 65-70 years old (8 males and 7 females) were selected through the purposive sampling method. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed through the Strauss and Corbin method in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding in the MAXQDA software. Results: The results are identified in form of healing garden components for improving the mental health of depressed elders including 300 initial (open) and selective codes and 3 main categories: relation with nature, five senses’ stimulation, and space quality for the healing garden’s patients, which had a positive impact on maintaining wellbeing and promoting mental health in depressed elders. Conclusion: This research showed that healing garden components at elderly care centers are effective for developing peace, reducing stress, and promoting improvement in patients’ health. Therefore, it is recommended that care centers are designed considering the healing gardens’ components to provide the opportunity for developing the feeling of rejuvenation and release from all tensions for achieving good health and treatment.

To provide a review on the benefits associated with the use of sensory gardens and horticultural activities in dementia care. Maintaining quality of life is important in dementia care. Sensory gardens and horticultural activities are increasingly used in dementia care, yet their benefits are uncertain. A modified scoping review with descriptive analysis of selected empirical studies. Systematic searches in Amed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were used. Search terms were the free-text concepts 'healing garden', 'horticultural therapy', 'restorative garden' and 'wander garden' which were combined with dementia and Alzheimer. Sixteen studies were included with included participants ranging from eight to 129 participants. Research designs were case studies (n = 2), survey (n = 1), intervention studies with pretest/post-test design (n = 11) and randomised controlled studies (n = 2). Of these 16 studies, eight examined the benefits of sensory gardens, seven examined horticultural therapy or therapeutic horticulture and one examined the use of plants indoors. This study offers a review of the research addressing benefits of sensory gardens, therapeutic horticulture, horticultural therapy and other purposeful use of plants in dementia care. The reported findings are mainly on issues related to behaviour, affect and well-being. The findings are in general mutually supportive, however, with some contradictory findings. In addition, sleep pattern, well-being and functional level seem to improve. These types of nonpharmacological interventions may improve well-being and affect and reduce the occurrence of disruptive behaviour. Additionally, the use of psychotropic drugs, incidents of serious falls, sleep and sleep pattern also seem to improve. To further improve the use of the existing or planned gardens, an educational programme for staff that also includes skill training is recommended.

In this chapter the authors explore many positive outcomes in the tourism sector as a result of COVID-19 focusing on the intersection of tourism, health and environment. The upside of the pandemic included allowing time for previously over-run tourism sites to rejuvenate, a rapid growth of wellness tourism including the use of more healing gardens, and greater emphasis placed on health of not only the visitor but tourism providers and residents in host communities. The authors examine how the healing environment is a higher a priority for mainstream tourism now versus years past when it only got attention in niche segments of spa and medical tourism. Given that 10% of the world’s jobs rely upon tourism, the success stories and opportunities that we can glean will be critical to rebuild the economic benefits and also provide visitors with a return to their much-desired vacation plans. Gen-C is said to be the generation of travelers emerging after the pandemic who seek tourism that is more safety and health conscious, not only to avoid health issues but to heal the mental, physical, social, and spiritual dimensions that have become depleted during their pandemic experience due to self-isolation and uncertainty. Drawing from literature and case studies, the chapter provide an overview of tourism since the pandemic and outlines success models, in particular around the healing environment with an in-depth focus on healing gardens, which just can satisfy the multi demands from mental, physical, social, and spiritual dimensions. The framework of healing gardens, also known as therapeutic gardens, provides solutions to apply the concept of healing garden to the tourism sites. The contents include the introduction and status quo of healing gardens, especially in China and North America, what should be considered if we want to apply the healing gardens in tourism sites, how to apply and what should be done to construct a healing environment, especially the physical space, and the cases will be used to show how to integrate the concept of healing gardens into the planning and design of tourism sites to further construct an environment of healing tourism. What does this bright side of tourism mean moving forward? COVID-19 has indeed altered the way tourism is both operated and experienced. From building confidence in pre-planning, transportation to and from and experiencing a destination a healthier travel experience will be the future. The chapter concludes considering new ways we may approach planning and implementation. While there are still uncertainties with tourism, frameworks such as healing gardens and related wellness tourism demonstrate solutions towards a new tourism paradigm. The tourism sector should celebrate these silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic as a means of approaching tourism in a more healthful way for long-term sustainability.

Bioarchaeologists, museums and universities, journal editorial boards, and academic professional organizations are working toward ethical engagements with human remains, with a focus on descendant community engagement. This article reexamines past and present bioarchaeological descendant community engagement to consider how "descendant community" has been defined. The authors present three case studies to highlight variation in descendant community definition in practice. The first describes the Loretto Bioarchaeology Project, a community-engaged investigation of the lives of Catholic Sisters (1870-1969) based in Denver, Colorado. The Loretto Community of Sisters and affiliates acts as the descendant community, centering 'chosen' family over biological relationships. The second case study discusses two hurricane victims from the 1928 Hurricane, in Belle Glade, Florida. A biological descendant community is impossible given the population of migrant laborers that died in the storm, but a community of care has been developed at a local memorial site for the storm. The third case study considers next-of-kin reported in archival documents pertaining to persons in the Huntington Anatomical Collection (1893-1921), currently housed at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. While next-of-kin documented at decedents' deaths include biological kin, bonds were also created through shared residence and life in New York City, problematizing notions of lineal descendants in the present. The case studies represent a multiplicity of "family," "descendants," and "kin," complicating policies for defining and prioritizing descendant communities and offering examples of paths forward through different iterations of community in bioarchaeological practice.

Urban living style is associated with various negative impacts on human health, e.g. connected with the environmental problems. Thus, promoting health of urban population is nowadays one of the most challenging issues of the 21st century together with the growing needs for sustainable development and establishment of the biophilic or livable cities. It is increasing awareness among researchers and health practitioners of the potential benefits to the health from activities in natural settings and especially from regular contact with nature, which can be perceived as a preventive medical tool. This paper discusses the close relationship between the concepts of health-supporting landscapes and sustainability in modern cities based on literature review and case studies from EU, Russian and Australian projects. We first review the historical and modern paradigms (of the various disciplines) which determine the discourse in nature – human health and well-being research. This includes examination of Hippocrates «naturalistic history», Humboldt’s concept of natural garden design; Oertel ‘s ‘Terrain Kur’; «salutogenic approach» of Antonovsky; McHarg’s Design with Nature; Ecopolis programme, Wilson’s biophilia and some other approaches. Then there is a comparative analysis of structural similarities and differences in the past and current scientific schools devoted to understanding human – landscape interaction. One of the principal arguments is that nature also has another value for health, regardless of natural remedies. It includes, for example, the healing of space, outdoor training trails in parks, everyday use of urban green spaces and peri-urban recreation areas for sport and exercises. We provide an analysis of some examples based on the modern concepts of biophilic cities, therapeutic landscapes, healing gardens, green infrastructure and nature-based solutions. This article also discusses the main types of healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes and suggests the framework of design principles of healing and therapeutic landscapes. The analysis proved that healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes provide multiple benefits and can be regarded as nature-based solutions. These essential aspects of multifunctionality, multiculturality and social inclusion are well intertwined with the approach of biophilia.

This study aimed to adaptive reuse plan a take advantage of Suncheon Bay Garden Expo 2013. Detailed objectives included: to identify and foster cultural and ecological resources in Suncheon Bay and Garden Expo Site; and to search and propose characterized program in the site for efficient utilization; and to revitalize a site for the vitalizations of the region where garden culture and garden industries for strengthening local competitiveness. The study was multi-phased. The first stage included basic surveys such as site status and environmental context analysis, and questionnaires and similar case studies, and the second stage was to review the direction of preliminary planning, develop associated industries and strategies for regional revitalization and review and incorporate project details. And the third stage aimed to develop a comprehensive plan from spatial plans and program plans and suggest plans to vitalize the operation of the site. The results of the study are as follows: First, the characterization strategy is 'healing experience tourism', 'healing garden', 'healing herbal care' are suitable for the site and regional revitalization. Second, the dimension of 2013 Suncheon Bay Garden Expo which was distinguished into four areas, in consideration of the characteristics and contents of the garden expo site for efficient operation and maintenance. Four area are as follows: the park oriented area, the experiential tourism oriented area, the existing conservation oriented area, and the area for associated industries. Third, the practice of private and public partnerships is needed in order to efficiently manage and operations. The significance of this study is that it is seeking to take advantage of the Garden Expo site and set the plan by existing resources and in consideration of local characteristics, in conjunction with area to envision and proposed management plan. Some problems are remained which have not been able to deal with details program and organization and financial planning programs for the operation of the site. This is for further study.

Pressure from modern environment that many can lead to mental disorder. The mental disorders exist because it exceeds the individual psychological endurance. One healing efforts undertaken by the Mental Hospital is making the garden is good to motivate patients. However, in general the design of the garden is still monotonous and can only be enjoyed visually. Should the patient require the involvement of the experience of space, so it is necessary to reorder function better room like gardening area or play area. The purpose of this research is to create a healing garden design that can treat patients with mental disorders in the area of drug. The case study is applied to the area of drugs at the Mental Hospital Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang. This is because garden have not potentially on healing in people with mental disorders by drugs. The research method is qualitative with a three-pronged approach, namely the science of architecture, agriculture, and health sciences. Architectural approaches that achieved with the design process begins with reviewing social issues, led to the idea-concept to realize the plans to get the site plan. Agricultural science approach to the choice of plants and processing, and health sciences approach to evaluate the existing design to patient involvement. Targets are resolved in this study is to examine the problems in the garden psychiatric hospital by producing a draft in the form of working drawings garden. The conclusion of this study is the concept of eco-friendly garden design according to user needs a mental hospital with the concept of healing gardens or garden or healing garden therapies that can improve the patient's recovery

Emerging Consensus and Concerns in Collaborative Archaeological Research Celeste Ray (bio) Archaeologists have taken a central role in pioneering collaborative research in anthropology, in part because of the types of resources they consult and the friction that can surround their study. While many anthropologists are just beginning to grapple with issues of intellectual property rights for cultural traditions, archaeologists have long negotiated conflicts over the study not only of material culture but of human remains. These conflicts have in many cases fostered positive dialogues in which social scientists actively seek to cooperate with descendant communities, so that in collaborative approaches, those whose ancestors are the subjects of research become partners in archaeological inquiry. Over the last three decades, reflections on the social and political dynamics of archaeological research, critiques of anthropological endeavors as themselves colonial exercises, and bitterly contested claims about ownership of "the past" have produced a parallel evolution in archaeological methods and theory. As previously disenfranchised people around the globe have reclaimed the right to interpret their own heritage, archaeologists in different research fields responded simultaneously by adopting new strategies for inclusion, dialogue, and "community archaeology" before their varied approaches became collectively thought of as "collaborative." By the late 1980s and early 1990s ownership of the past had become a regular theme of academic exchange (see, e.g., Gathercole and Lowenthal 1990), and in 1990 the World Archaeological Congress adopted a Code of Ethics indicative of the move to collaborative approaches. Among other "principles to abide by," archaeologists were enjoined to "establish equitable partnerships" with [End Page 1] "indigenous peoples whose cultural heritage is being investigated" and to "seek, whenever possible, representation of indigenous peoples . . . in setting research standards, questions, priorities and goals" (World Archaeological Congress 1991). Scholars in the late 1990s and early 2000s pointed to the potential of public archaeology as applied anthropology (see, for example, Thornton 1998; Watkins 2000; Zimmerman, Vitelli, and Hollowell-Zimmer 2003; Shackel and Chambers 2004; Smith and Wobst 2005; Scarre and Scarre 2006). In the last three years archaeologists have published several instructive and theoretically innovative volumes on collaborative research that articulate its methodological challenges and advantages. Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh and T. J. Ferguson's edited collection Collaboration in Archaeological Practice: Engaging Descendant Communities (2008) offers international case studies that tackle perennially difficult issues such as repatriation, social class, sacred lands, and the politics of identity and that also offer insightful views of changing academic ethics. They present collaborative approaches as existing on a continuum from simply informing descendant communities about the research process to synergistic cooperation that yields results neither group could achieve independently. Also in 2008 Quetzil Castañeda and Christopher Matthews edited Ethnographic Archaeologies: Reflections on Stakeholders and Archaeological Practices. This thin volume considers the use of ethnographic methods in work with Indigenous populations who have an attachment to archaeological sites. Essays especially consider reflexivity for a critical engagement with heritage stakeholders and the use of ethnographic archaeology to inform public policy debates, archaeological study of ethnic groups, and public interpretations of the past. Julie Hollowell and George Nicholas (2008) offer a particularly strong essay commenting on the contributions of "archaeological ethnographies" in understanding the multiple meanings and implications of "the past" for living people and in the development of a political economy of archaeology. Jordan Kerber's 2006 edited volume Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Native Peoples and Archaeology in the Northeastern United States considers the challenges of maintaining fruitful dialogue and cooperation when academics and descendant communities have conflicting perspectives on research goals and site interpretation. Their collection particularly examines regulatory compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation [End Page 2] Act and the ways in which descendant communities and archaeologists can cooperate productively in the stewardship of archaeological sites and sacred places. Their examples are regional but yield applications relevant elsewhere. Other publications have already begun to take collaborative approaches for granted and stress civic activism. Jeremy Sabloff 's 2008 Archaeology Matters: Action Archaeology in the Modern World is perhaps less about collaboration than it is about subjects that can be addressed through collaborative archaeology. His message is about applying archaeological understandings of the past to improve the contemporary...

Archaeology, local knowledge, and tradition: the quest for relevant approaches to the study and use of the past in Southern Africa

Pressure from modern environment that many can lead to mental disorder. The mental disorders exist because it exceeds the individual psychological endurance. One healing efforts undertaken by the Mental Hospital is making the garden is good to motivate patients. However, in general the design of the garden is still monotonous and can only be enjoyed visually. Should the patient require the involvement of the experience of space, so it is necessary to reorder function better room like gardening area or play area. The purpose of this research is to create a healing garden design that can treat patients with mental disorders in the area of drug. The case study is applied to the area of drugs at the Mental Hospital Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang. This is because garden have not potentially on healing in people with mental disorders by drugs. The research method is qualitative with a three-pronged approach, namely the science of architecture, agriculture, and health sciences. Architectural approaches that achieved with the design process begins with reviewing social issues, led to the idea-concept to realize the plans to get the site plan. Agricultural science approach to the choice of plants and processing, and health sciences approach to evaluate the existing design to patient involvement. Targets are resolved in this study is to examine the problems in the garden psychiatric hospital by producing a draft in the form of working drawings garden. The conclusion of this study is the concept of eco-friendly garden design according to user needs a mental hospital with the concept of healing gardens or garden or healing garden therapies that can improve the patient's recovery

Natural space is beneficial for human mental health, a fact confirmed by a large body of research findings. This benefit has significance for university staff and students who are at a critical stage of development of their bodies and minds. Given the fact that university study is quite stressful for most college students, the study of the healing power of natural space on campus could be of value in sustainable campus landscape design. The paper explores the application of healing gardens to a compact campus design and renovation, in order to study its potential role in realizing the objective of creating a health-supportive and sustainable campus environment. Mental health benefits and design guidelines for healing gardens are discussed, through an extensive literature review. Following this, HKU Main campus is used as a case study in which the use pattern of the green spaces in a compact built setting is examined. Based on the findings, suggestions for improvement of both the existing HKU grounds and the new centennial campus natural space are offered in an attempt to enhance health benefits and make the university a healthier environment for study and leisure.

Healing gardens are green spaces designed to promote and improve health and well-being for people suffering from illness. This paper proposes a methodology for defining a master plan for healing gardens. The methodology is based on site analysis (identification, limitations and potentials of the area) and the evaluation of user needs (patients, staff, relatives). The aim of the master plan is to provide guidelines for the definition of the executive plan, and to set up a sufficiently flexible project suitable for future new categories of patients, according to the different needs of the regional health authorities. The methodology has been applied to a case study: this paper considers the design of the healing garden of a building named <em>Villa Bianca</em>, part of the wider complex of the clinic for mental disorders <em>Villa di Salute</em> located in Trofarello (in the province of Turin, Piedmont, Italy). The main kinds of disturbances treated at <em>Villa di Salute</em> are schizophrenia and personality disorders; there are also some patients with severe depression. At the present time the building and the garden of Villa Bianca are not being used and are undergoing renovation.