Home or Away: A Narrative Analysis of the Family Functioning of Hotel Executives Working Outside Their Hometowns

In reviewing the history of China since it embarked on the path of reform and opening up, this chapter intends to prove that the emergence and growth of the middle class in contemporary China are closely related to the economic and social development, as well as a matter of course of historical progress. By drawing on the significant studies conducted at both home and abroad, the contemporary middle class is defined from seven dimensions that are consistent with the national conditions; namely, income, property, living standards, occupation, education, moral imperative and social norms; On this basis, according to the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, the definition and features of the contemporary middle class are further clarified. In line with the author’s calculations, there are roughly 200 to 250 million people in China who qualify as middle class as defined in this book, accounting for 14.7 to 18.4% of the national population of 1.36 billion pin 2013. Among them, the urban middle class makes up about 200 to 220 million and the rural middle class about 20 to 30 million, which is close to the results of studies in China.

The purpose of this study was to explore three International School Teachers’ experiences as part of the Global Middle Class (GMC) in China. This group is worthy of study, as their numbers are increasingly growing, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. However, little has been written about the negative aspects of sustained global mobility or how individuals, as opposed to families, accrue and deploy cosmopolitan capital for social advantage. In-depth interviewing was employed in order to bring into focus the participants’ experiences of prolonged mobility. In addition to highlighting the precarious aspects of being part of the GMC, the study also identified and illustrated a new form of capital that emerged during data collection and analysis, which was labelled ‘resilience capital’. Resilience capital is produced when teachers take a more positive attitude towards negative or precarious experiences, utilising them in order to develop skills, dispositions and endurance which also can be converted into more traditional economic and cultural forms of capital.

BackgroundSocial change, intensified by industrialization and globalization, has not only changed people’s work lives but also their personal lives, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to provide evidence and recommendations regarding family structure, function, and mental health to actively respond to rapid social change.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted face-to-face and door-to-door from July 2011 to September 2012 in Hubei Province, central China. Family structure comprised alone, couple, nuclear family, and extended family; family function was measured using the family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) scale, and mental health was measured using the Chinese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).ResultsThe urban-vs-rural difference of family structure among alone, couple, nuclear family, and extended family was statistically significant (5.21% vs 4.62%; 27.36% vs 13.14%; 33.22% vs 27.74%; 34.20% vs 54.50%, respectively; p < 0.0001); and those difference of family function was not statistically significant (8.11 ± 2.13 vs 8.09 ± 2.27, p = 0.9372). The general linear regression showed that the effect of family structure on mental health, whether urban or rural, was not significant, however, the effect of family function was significant, especially regarding better family functioning with better mental health.ConclusionsCombined the effects of family structure and function on mental health, the external form of family (family structure) may not be important; while the internal quality of role (family function) might be key. Improving the residents’ family function would be a priority strategy for family practice with their mental health.

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' families can face ongoing challenges into survivorship. Families' adjustment and functioning as a unit can subsequently impact AYAs' mental health and quality of life. This study examined AYA cancer survivors' perceived family functioning, compared with their peers, and investigated factors associated with family functioning. Methods: Eligible participants were aged between 15 and 40 years, fluent in English, and cancer survivors who had completed treatment. AYA cancer survivors were recruited from hospital clinics, and the comparison group from an affiliated university campus. Participants completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device, Kidcope, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form. We analyzed between-group differences in family functioning using multivariate analysis of covariance and used partial correlations to investigate associations between demographic cancer-related psychological coping variables and family functioning. Results: Ninety-three AYA cancer survivors and 141 comparison peers participated (ages: 15-32 years). AYA cancer survivors reported significantly better family functioning (p = 0.029), lower depression (p = 0.016), and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.008) compared with the comparison group. Approximately one-third of AYA survivors (34.4%) reported clinically significant maladaptive family functioning; however, this was more prevalent in the comparison group (50.4%). After adjusting for covariates, poorer family functioning was associated with AYA survivors using more avoidant escape-oriented coping strategies (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Our cancer survivor cohort reported better family functioning and psychological outcomes compared with their peers. Interventions targeting avoidant coping behaviors may support improved family functioning in some survivors. Further research disentangling the relationship between coping mechanisms and family functioning among AYA cancer survivors is needed.

Family function and life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of meaning in life and depression

Introduction Food insecurity a multi factor issue linked to nutritional status is an indicator of poverty Likewise family functionality is influenced by the basic family functions including socioeconomic status Objective To determine the relationship between food security and family functionality in primary care Materials and methods Cross sectional study where the relationship between food safety and family functionality was assessed in patients The instruments to collect data were the Mexican Food Security Scale EMSA and family APGAR descriptive statistics and Chi squared were used with the statistical program SPSSv nbsp Results Family functionality was identified in patients whereas moderate and severe dysfunctions were present in and respectively Meanwhile had food security and food insecurity in which had mild moderate and severe insecurity The correlation between food security and family functionality was statistically significant Chi squared p lt nbsp Conclusion Mild and severe food insecurity were higher than what was previously reported at a national level There is an association between food safety and family functionality nbsp Introduction Food insecurity a multi factor issue linked to nutritional status is an indicator of poverty Likewise family functionality is influenced by the basic family functions including socioeconomic status Objective To determine the relationship between food security and family functionality in primary care Materials and methods Cross sectional study where the relationship between food safety and family functionality was assessed in patients The instruments to collect data were the Mexican Food Security Scale EMSA and family APGAR descriptive statistics and Chi squared were used with the statistical program SPSSv Results Family functionality was identified in patients whereas moderate and severe dysfunctions were present in and respectively Meanwhile had food security and food insecurity in which had mild moderate and severe insecurity The correlation between food security and family functionality was statistically significant Chi squared p lt Conclusion Mild and severe food insecurity were higher than what was previously reported at a national level There is an association between food safety and family functionality

Teenage years and highlights the important social and psychological development is considered. In particular, the need to balance the emotional and affective balance between emotion and reason, understand the value of being self-conscious by choosing real goals in life, independence, family emotional, mental and emotional balance and establish themselves against environmental stressors and life healthy relationships with others, Social skills necessary to make friends, and how to control anxiety and effective understanding of healthy living is the most important needs of adolescents (slogan Race, 2007). Thus contributing to the growth and development of adolescent social skills needed for effective living, create or increase self-confidence and self-control nature in dealing with problems and solutions They also help in the development of emotional and social skills necessary for successful adaptation to Social environment and life seems to be effective and productive in the community (a term race, 2007).Effective adaptation of human behavior and mental and physical environments, as it is not only the environment changes color It does not suffice to follow the unconscious itself can affect the environment and modify it as appropriate (Barllow, 1992; quoted above Zarc, 2006). Parents of the formation of thoughts, emotions and behavior in children have a significant impact. According Diathesis- stress model Psychopathology in many researches the role of the family as the reason for vulnerability and well-being of the individual case, sure. (Harris & Curtin, 2002; Piage, 1954; Bowlby, 1969; quoted Gunty & Buri, 2008). Self-control through a process of adaptation to the effects of coping strategies on their show. Someone who can prioritize realistic goals and the decision of the balance emotions and intellect, self-control (income Aghayari & Sharifi Daramadi, 2006). Indicates that the behavioral characteristics of self-control to match their existing location and condition (Krictncr & Kinicki, 2007). The social adjustment, having the necessary skills to operate and maintain supportive and satisfying relationships and cope with the environment (Barrosirk or Baker, 1989; quoted Steradad & Dopooks, 2005). Since the compatibility of the various levels of social life have had their impact, in terms of theoretical approaches to the explanation of adaptation are confounding factors. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-control and family functioning and social adjustment of students to this obscure comer of the psychological construct of the show.Hartab (1983) conducted a study that concluded that the experiences of their peers in childhood and adolescence is associated with subsequent adjustment. Portes, Howel, Brown, and Igenberg ( 1995) also conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of family and school adjustment of children has. The results showed that among the six constituent measures of family functioning; Component behavior and emotional involvement, the largest share in predicting social adjustment of students are. B) Research on family functioning and social adjustment Expression and Ardalan (2010) indicated that the relationship between family functioning and adaptability of students. In general, the results indicate that family functioning was significantly associated with adaptation personal, social and academic students (Ahmadi, 2002). Several studies have shown a significant relationship between family functioning and adjustment of the students there (Doubt, 1998; Laster et al, 2000; Azizi et al., 2010, Raisi, 2007; Tajalli & Ardalan, 2010). The findings of the study Rajabi, Chahardvaly and Atari (2007) showed that family functioning and psychosocial climate of the classroom with conflict student's correlation is negative. Laursen and Mooney (2008), the adaptation of adolescents and their perceptions of relationships with parents and friends are examined they showed, teens qualitative, good relationship with their parents experience had Better adapted than the teens who had little to show in terms of the quality of the relationship. …

BACKGROUND: The Internet has been a part of life and the development of technology. Internet addiction is one of the problems among adolescents, especially in Indonesia. Family dysfunction is thought to be a factor causing Internet addiction in adolescents. Family cannot always supervise adolescents, and adolescents are required to have good self-control to avoid problematic gaming behavior and online game addiction. If not taken seriously, game addiction can interfere with the physical and mental health of adolescents. AIM: This study aimed to identify the relationship between family functioning and Internet gaming disorder among adolescents in Aceh. Currently, Aceh is the only province in Indonesia implementing sharia (the Islamic law). METHODS: This was a quantitative study with a descriptive correlational method. The samples of this study were 157 male senior high school students. This research was conducted from January to April 2021. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using the logistic analysis to identify the correlation between family functioning and Internet gaming disorder. RESULTS: The results showed that family functions such as communication functions (p = 0.034), affective engagement (p = 0.006), and behavioral control (p = 0.000) were significantly related to Internet gaming disorders in adolescents. This assumption is evidenced by the results of statistical tests that show a value (&lt;0.05). While the problem-solving function (p = 0.916) and the general function (p = 0.606) obtained a significant value (&gt;0.05) so it can be concluded both of these family functions were not related to Internet gaming disorder. CONCLUSION: The family functions are significantly related to Internet gaming disorders in adolescents. Maximizing family functions is one solution to prevent Internet gaming disorders in adolescents.

Heterogeneous driving effects of middle-class expansion on carbon emissions in various regions of China: A structural path decomposition analysis

ObjectivesThis study aims to compare perceived family functioning between Chinese patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and family caregivers, and explore the association between family functioning and patients’...

BackgroundDrug therapy combined with family therapy is currently the best treatment for adolescent depression. Nevertheless, family therapy requires an exploration of unresolved problems in the family system, which in practice presents certain difficulties. Previous studies have found that the perceptual differences of family function between parents and children reflect the problems in the family system.AimsTo explore the characteristics and role of family functioning and parent-child relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents.MethodsThe general information and clinical data of the 93 adolescents with depression were collected. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale and Parent-child Relationship Scale were used to assess adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents.Resultsa) The dimensions of family functioning in adolescents with depressive disorder were more negative in communication, emotional response, emotional involvement, roles, and overall functioning than their parents. The differences were statistically significant. Parent-child relationship dimensions: the closeness and parent-child total scores were more negative compared with the parents and the differences were statistically significant. b) All dimensions of parent-child relationship and family functioning in adolescents with depression except the time spent together were negatively correlated or significantly negatively correlated. c) The results of multivariate regression analysis showed: the characteristics of family functioning, emotional involvement, emotional response, family structure, and income of the adolescents with depressive disorder mainly affected the parent-child relationship.ConclusionsThere were perceptual differences in partial family functioning and parent-child relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Unclear roles between family members, mutual entanglement, too much or too little emotional investment, negligence of inner feelings, parental divorce, and low average monthly family income were the main factors causing adverse parent-child relationship. These perceptual differences have a relatively good predictive effect on family problems, and can be used as an important guide for exploring the family relationship in family therapy.

The present study was conducted to identify latent profiles of adolescent-reported and parent-reported family functioning, as well as their links with adolescent and parent well-being and mental health, among recent immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel. A sample of 160 parent-adolescent dyads completed measures of parent-adolescent communication, parental involvement, positive parenting, family conflict, self-esteem, optimism, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Results indicated four latent profiles-Low Family Functioning, Moderate Family Functioning, High Family Functioning, and High Parent/Low Adolescent Family Functioning (i.e., discrepant reports of family functioning). Adolescent depressive symptoms and anxiety were highest in the discrepant profile and lowest in the High Family Function profile; adolescent self-esteem and optimism were highest in the High Family Function profile and lowest in the Low Family Function profile; and parent depressive symptoms and anxiety were highest in the Low Family Function profile and lowest in the High Family Function profile. Parent self-esteem and optimism did not differ significantly across profiles. These results are discussed in terms of cultural and developmental contexts of adolescence and parenting within immigrant families, in terms of family systems theory, and in terms of the need for clinical services among families with discrepant reports of family functioning between parents and adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

To describe and explain how the concept of family functioning has been used in the targeted sample of health literature on adult family members with illness. Understanding the influence of illness on family functioning is central to the provision of patient- and family-centred care. There is lack of consistency in utilising family functioning which creates confusion about the concept and can interfere with theory development in nursing science. A clear conceptual definition of attributes of family functioning based on concept analysis could act as a guide in the development of instruments to assess family functioning, the design of family-based interventions and their application in clinical practice. Concept analysis. Academic Search Premier, ProQuest Research Library, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched within the last 20years (1997-Dec. 2016) using the terms "family function*" and "patient." Studies of paediatric patients and non-English articles were excluded. Rodgers' evolutionary perspective. The findings suggest that family functioning in the context of illness is defined as family members' ability to maintain cohesive relationships with one another, fulfil family roles, cope with family problems, adjust to new family routines and procedures and effectively communicate with each other. Further research is needed to inform nurses' practice when assessing families or providing patient- and family-centred interventions to support family functioning across different sociocultural and political contexts, and further identification and evaluation of antecedents and consequences regarding family functioning from a nursing perspective. Having a comprehensive understanding of the attributes, antecedents and consequences of ineffective family functioning can facilitate healthcare providers' ability to identify strengths and potential targets to improve family functioning among their clients.

This path analysis of mothers of children with autism aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal burnout and the mother’s subjective reporting of difficulty in childcare, family function, and personality traits. A total of 410 mothers of children with autism (mean age 39.03, SD 7.42) completed four questionnaires: Parental Burnout Measure (PBM-12), International Personality Item Pool—Big Five Markers (IPIP-BFM-20), Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV), and a survey on childcare difficulties. Path analysis using two predetermined models was used to examine the interrelations. Both models fit the empirical data equally with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) index of 0.000 and a 90% confidence interval (model 1: 0.000–0.052; model 2: 0.000–0.059). Path analysis revealed similar fit indexes for both models: (a) burnout is a mediator between exogenous variables and family functioning, and (b) family functioning is an indirect mediator between exogenous variables and burnout. These findings suggest that increased maternal emotional instability (neuroticism) and conscientiousness can lead to increased family communication problems, which may further lead to a breakdown of the equilibrium in the family system, resulting in the mother’s dissatisfaction with family life and a consequent increased risk of maternal burnout.

This study examined the reliability and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) version of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. The MIRECC GAF measures occupational functioning, social functioning, and symptom severity on three subscales. MIRECC GAF ratings were obtained for 398 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were receiving treatment at three Veterans Affairs mental health clinics. Assessments were completed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Quality of Life Interview at baseline and nine months later. All three MIRECC GAF subscales exhibited very high levels of reliability. The occupational and symptom subscales showed good convergent and discriminant validity. The social subscale was related to measures of social functioning and, to a greater degree, symptom severity. The occupational and social subscales significantly predicted their respective domains at the nine-month follow-up. The symptom subscale predicted negative symptoms at follow-up; however, it did not predict positive symptoms or cognitive disorientation. Instead, the social subscale was predictive of cognitive disorientation at follow-up. When the standard GAF was routinely administered by clinicians, scores demonstrated little validity. The three MIRECC GAF subscales can be scored reliably, and they have good concurrent and predictive validity. Further work is needed on brief measures of patient functioning, especially measures of social functioning.