Abstract
It is well documented that both solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicles (EVs) positively impact the global environment. However, the integration of high PV resources into distribution networks creates new challenges because of the uncertainty of PV power generation. Additionally, high power consumption during many EV charging operations at a certain time of the day can be stressful for the distribution network. Stresses on the distribution network influence higher electricity tariffs, which negatively impact consumers. Therefore, a home energy management system is one of the solutions to control electricity consumption to reduce electrical energy costs. In this paper, a meta-heuristic-based optimization of a home energy management strategy is presented with the goal of electrical energy cost minimization for the consumer under the time-of-use (TOU) tariffs. The proposed strategy manages the operations of the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) and the energy storage system (ESS) charging and discharging in a home. The meta-heuristic optimization, namely a genetic algorithm (GA), was applied to the home energy management strategy for minimizing the daily electrical energy cost for the consumer through optimal scheduling of ESS and PEV operations. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the load profile of a household in Udonthani, Thailand, and the TOU tariffs of the provincial electricity authority (PEA) of Thailand were applied in the simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy with GA optimization provides the minimum daily or net electrical energy cost for the consumer. The daily electrical energy cost for the consumer is equal to 0.3847 USD when the methodology without GA optimization is used, whereas the electrical energy cost is equal to 0.3577 USD when the proposed methodology with GA optimization is used. Therefore, the proposed optimal home energy management strategy with GA optimization can decrease the daily electrical energy cost for the consumer up to 7.0185% compared to the electrical energy cost obtained from the methodology without GA optimization.
Highlights
Global warming is a reality and to control global warming, countries are implementing policies to reduce overall carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere
The calculation of the home energy management strategy is separated into three periods in a day, as mentioned in Section 2, and the time resolution is defined to 15 min
The solar PV system profile was obtained from the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSOE) [26], which provides the PV system power generation profile to an MW level
Summary
Global warming is a reality and to control global warming, countries are implementing policies to reduce overall carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. In this effort, emphasis has been given to clean energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power for generating electricity instead of using fossil fuel. The charging of EVs can influence the distribution system in a lot of ways, for example, reliability and power quality issues because of line voltage drops due to a high charging demand. An increase in the number of EVs can essentially affect the low voltage system with a high capability of energy consumption [4]. A home energy management strategy would help manage energy consumption in the household for lowering the electrical energy cost for the consumer and for reducing the peak demand of the utility system
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