Abstract
Properties of a discharge maintained between a planar anode and a cathode consisting of two parallel electrodes have been studied in helium, neon, hydrogen, and helium-argon mixtures at pressures between 1 and 25 Torr. The analysis of the data led to the following main conclusions: (1) The enhancement of the discharge efficiency by the hollow-cathode effect does not vary widely between the gases tested. (2) The presence of metastable excited atoms is not essential for a pronounced hollow-cathode effect to occur. (3) The minimum distance from the cathodes at which the anode fall develops is a function of the cathode dimensions, and is simply related to changes in the electron concentration and average electron energy. (4) The lowest observed cathode fall for a hollow-cathode discharge corresponded closely to the cathode fall of a normal plane-cathode discharge. (5) The general nature of the hollow-cathode effect in the gases tested is sufficiently similar to allow simple design criteria to be developed for plane-parallel hollow-cathode discharge tubes.
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