Histories of Scientific Responsibility in Japan and the United Kingdom

The article assesses the formation of social responsibility in agricultural enterprise. The theoretical vision of the signs of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises in carrying out their production activity is formed. The definition of social responsibility as a criterion of social production efficiency is proposed. The directions and criteria of the methodological foundations of the assessment of enterprises’ social responsibility in relation to which aspects of the level of socially directed production costs are determined. The dynamics of socially directed expenditures, the dynamics of employment and the sectoral structure of production in the context of their use as indicators of levels of social responsibility are analyzed. The economic features of the character of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises at the present stage of their development are established.

This article draws upon original qualitative data to present an initial assessment of the significance of learning agreements for the development of socially responsible approaches to professional and human resource development within the workplace. The article suggests that the adoption of a partnership‐based approach to learning is more important for the advancement of social responsibility in relation to professional and human resource development than formal learning agreements, but that such agreements contribute to the sustainability of learning partnerships when they establish or strengthen mechanisms for social dialogue. The paper also argues that the most socially responsible approaches to professional and human resource development are associated with learning partnerships in which there is a relatively even balance of power between employers and unions.

Three Models of Corporate Social Responsibility: Interrelationships between Theory, Research, and Practice

Evaluation of corporate social responsibility in relation to older adults, due to its weak theoretical elaboration, demands course for research. In this paper the authors develop a research program: the factors of well-being of older adults, which may affect the company; develop analytical procedure and indicator’s system to measure the social responsibility of business. Calculation of some indicators of corporate responsibility on the example of the companies Rosneft (Russia) and Shell (Nigeria) was made.

CSR Reasons, Practices and Impact to Corporate Reputation

Corporate Social Responsibility Towards Environmental Management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the types of social responsibility actions that small local retailers implement in their local community and to explore their underlying motivations and perceived benefits.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method is used to explore small local retailers’ social responsibility practices and underlying motivations. Owners/managers of small apparel retailers in the USA were interviewed and their responses transcribed and analyzed.FindingsFindings highlight that local retailers are active in giving back to their community using various means from monetary donations to promotion of community events. Such contributions to their local community are largely driven by their affection for the community, and the motivation is to maintain a good reputation. It was also found that episodes of giving were also triggered externally by customers, local organizations, and local events. Small retailers’ social responsibility contributions to the community are typically not undertaken in an effort to stimulate sales, profits and/or customer traffic. Rather, local retailers find their experiences enjoyable and their contributions build a sense of connection to the community. These retailers enjoy an extra sense of enrichment and perceive social benefits accrued from actively engaging in social responsibility within the community.Originality/valueMuch has been written about social responsibility from a manufacturing and large retailer viewpoint, but there is a dearth of information on small local retailers. This study explores the understanding of small businesses’ social responsibility practices from a local retail perspective and provides valuable insights about retailers approach to social responsibility in relation to their local community.

The researcher aimed at examining the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the competitiveness of soft drinks companies in the Somalia city of Mogadishu. Understanding that CSR has become the requisite instrument in enhancing brand equity and establishing customer loyalty, the research agenda was to determine the role played by the programs of social responsibility in relation to the performance of the soft drink production companies in a volatile environment. To facilitate a mixed design, they resolved to gather the quantitative information in form of surveys; in-depth interviews and focus group discussions would be used to elicit qualitative information. The study was done on the employees, managers, supervisors and other vital stakeholders of the identified soft drinks companies in Mogadishu such that the researcher knew about all aspects of the subject. The findings revealed that it has a high positive effect in the domain of improving the competitiveness of the soft drink companies considering its social responsibility programs. The companies, which were actively involved into the programs of community development, education and charity, saw brand loyalty as well as better positioning in the market. Qualitative results also indicated that CSR activities enhance the bond with local communities and thus a positive public image. The study resolved that the incorporation of social responsibility in business strategies is imperative to firms willing to attain a green competitive advantage in the soft drink industry of Mogadishu. Concluding based on these revelations, soft drink companies are suggested the following: a stronger focus on the community, a CSR inherent in the brand's company-wide operations, cooperation with local institutions, and the need to convey that they are indeed socially responsible to the customers. The firms to establish good relationships with the stakeholders, to differentiate their brands and succeed long term in their business, can use these actions.

Objetivo do estudo: Avaliar o impacto da responsabilidade social corporativa no desempenho das operadoras brasileiras de planos de saúde/odontológicos. Metodologia/abordagem: Pesquisa empírica com base em survey respondida por 123 empresas do setor. Os dados foram tratados de forma quantitativa por meio de Análise de Cluster, MANOVA e ANOVA. Os construtos "desempenho" e "responsabilidade social corporativa" foram operacionalizados a partir de revisão bibliográfica e consulta a especialistas. Para o construto "responsabilidade social" foram utilizadas 12 variáveis independentes. Para o construto "desempenho" foram usadas variáveis objetivas e subjetivas, avaliadas entre 2013 e 2015. Originalidade/Relevância: Este trabalho traz evidências empíricas provenientes de um setor ainda pouco estudado. Ela traz ainda uma contribuição inovadora por meio da operacionalização dos construtos estudados e pela proposição de uma taxionomia para a prática da responsabilidade social pelas empresas do setor. Principais resultados: Identificaram-se padrões de orientação estratégica das operadoras do setor quanto à adoção de práticas de responsabilidade social. Apresentou-se ainda uma taxionomia estratégica destas operadoras, sendo identificados quatro clusters: 1-os ambientalistas financeiramente ineficientes; 2-os engajados comunitariamente com prejuízo financeiro; 3-os transparentes lucrativos; 4-os legalistas e sociais com prejuízo financeiro. Porém, verificou-se não haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre os quatro clusters de responsabilidade social com relação à dimensão "desempenho”. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A criação de uma taxionomia para a prática da responsabilidade social pelas operadoras de planos de saúde/odontológicos e a identificação das variáveis que operacionalizam este construto no setor podem ser consideradas contribuições importantes para a teoria envolvendo especificamente este setor.

<em>Social responsibility has had, through the history of mankind manifestations through different theories </em><em>that have given the configuration of what is currently understood as social responsibility. Although it is </em><em>a subject that has always cohabited with the human being, it is also true that from the last decade of </em><em>the last century and the first of this century has recovered momentum. This paper aims to understand</em><br /><em>how social values base behaviours and how these in turn can be measured through indicators of social </em><em>responsibility and finally how they can be translated into business performance.</em>

Purpose of the study : Our main objective with this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on Brazilian health/dental insurance companies. Methodology / approach: This is an empirical research. We conducted a survey to a sample of 123 companies in the sector of health/dental insurance. We treated data through Cluster Analysis, MANOVA and ANOVA. We analyzed the constructs “performance” and “corporate social responsibility” through bibliographic review and the help of expert advice. We used 12 independent variables for the construct “social responsibility”. For the construct “performance”, we applied objective and subjective variables. Originality / Relevance: This paper intends to bring empirical evidence from a sector that has not been extensively studied – health/dental insurance companies. It also brings an innovative contribution with the operationalization of the constructs and the proposition of taxonomy for the practice of social responsibility by the companies. Main results: In this study, we identified strategic orientation patterns of the operators of health insurance sector regarding the adoption of social responsibility practices. We also present strategic taxonomy of the sector operators identifying four clusters: 1) financially inefficient environmentalists; 2) those ones engaged in the community with financial loss; 3) profit-making transparency; 4) legalistic and social with financial loss. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the four clusters of social responsibility in relation to the “performance” dimension. Theoretical / methodological contributions: We consider the creation of taxonomy for the practice of social responsibility by the health/dental insurance companies and the identification of the variables that operationalize this construct in the sector as an important contribution to the theory involving this sector.

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on corporate social responsibility in relation to economic policy uncertainty in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The following questions are addressed: How does policy uncertainty impact corporate M&A? Does social responsibility play a mediating role in this process? How does policy uncertainty affect corporate M&A through social responsibility?Design/methodology/approachThis paper selects the major M&A events in China as the research object, and uses the Probit model to analyze the impact of policy uncertainty on M&A behavior and the business performance after the event, and further analyzes the internal mechanisms that cause these phenomena.FindingsThis paper shows that the higher the policy uncertainty, the lower the probability of a successful M&A, and the worse the business performance of the business after the event.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful reference for the study of M&A and social responsibility in different policy environments. At the same time, it provides direct empirical evidence to enhance the success rate of M&A.

This paper aims to analyze social responsibility in relation to individual security. Social responsibility contains the mechanisms by which individuals and groups contribute to a collective security when the state institutions specialized intervention is not required. In this context, we will analyze the importance of responsibility for building social protection. The study is a qualitative one. The results highlight that the social responsibility of citizens can be a factor of stability, generator of security and human development. The conclusions highlight, among others, the fact that people interested in their own security are trying to find solutions for preserving the standard of living on the basis of social responsibility.

Purpose: The study analyzes social and environmental responsibility and the implementation of corporate social responsibility in relation to social, environmental and market sustainability by referring to Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in relation with the management of natural resources. Approach/Methodology/Design: The approach method used in this study is an empirical juridical approach, meaning that research is carried out by examining the juridical regulations and connecting with the implementation of regional water company's social and environmental responsibilities in the community. Findings: The results showed that regional water supply companies of Kudus Regency carry out social and environmental responsibility activities which are still very limited, only carried out in the form of charity assistance. Social and environmental responsibility for consumers is still very limited, which is limited to obligations related to water quality. Practical Implications: This study is useful for policy makers, corporate management, practitioners, scholars, and environmental activists. Originality/value: The originality of this study lies in the comprehensive study of the implementation of public company regulations in the context of the social and environmental obligations of regional water companies.

Cultural values of individual and social responsibility were investigated through adolescents’ ideas about children’s household work. A total of 4627 adolescents from six countries completed questionnaire items about the age children should begin chores, the value of children’s participation, and the appropriateness of payment. Differences were found between countries for all questions but notably for the question of payment. Adolescents in the USA, Australia, and Sweden were more likely to support a general payment associated with children’s household work, whereas adolescents in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Hungary were more likely to oppose payment. All differences interacted with type of task (self-care and family-care), corresponding to a relative emphasis on individual and social responsibility.