Abstract
The addition of magnetic nanoparticles to batch anaerobic digestion was first reported in 2014. Afterwards, the number of works dealing with this subject has been increasing year by year. The discovery of the enhancement of anaerobic digestion by adding iron-based nanoparticles has created a multidisciplinary emerging research field. As a consequence, in the last years, great efforts have been made to understand the enhancement mechanisms by which magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) addition enhances the anaerobic digestion process of numerous organic wastes. Some hypotheses point to the dissolution of iron as essential iron for anaerobic digestion development, and the state of oxidation of iron NPs that can reduce organic matter to methane. The evolution and trends of this novel topic are discussed in this manuscript. Perspectives on the needed works on this topic are also presented.
Highlights
In 2014, two independent groups reported enhancing anaerobic organic waste processing by adding iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (Casals et al, 2014; Cruz Viggi et al, 2014)
Iron NPs usually are made of zero valent iron (Fe), partially oxidized iron, totally oxidized iron, and iron oxide-hydroxide
Casals et al (2014) reported the increase in the production of biogas when adding magnetite NPs while in the second work, 2 months later, Cruz Viggi et al (2014) showed how ironbased NPs accelerated methanogenesis
Summary
In 2014, two independent groups reported enhancing anaerobic organic waste processing by adding iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (Casals et al, 2014; Cruz Viggi et al, 2014). An interesting work presented kinetic modeling for bioaugmented anaerobic digestion of the OFMSW by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles were more than 50% of the volatile solid reduction was achieved with the addition of 75 mg L−1 Fe3O4 NPs (Ali et al, 2018) It was in 2018 when the original hypothesis was recovered, and the enhancement of methane production by Methanosarcina barkeri using Fe3O4 nanoparticles, as an iron sustained release agent, was reported (Chen et al, 2018a). The effect of the reduction of organic matter to methane has been observed when using materials such as wastewater sludge (Barrena et al, 2021) and pig manure (Cerrillo et al, 2021) These studies highlight the iron state of oxidation as a key role in the enhancement of methane in the anaerobic digestion process, even at thermophilic conditions
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