HISTORICAL-PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT FORM OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (ANALYSIS OF MAKARENKO'S EXPERIENCE)

Abstract

The complex of events related to the implementation of one of the most original and promising pedagogical initiatives of Anton Makarenko - the Children's Labor Corps of the Kharkiv District is analyzed. A careful analysis of the entire complex of available materials gives reasons to consider the activities of A. Makarenko regarding the organization of mass re-education of teenagers as a valuable experience of the project form of the organization of the educational environment in certain historical conditions. A similar conclusion is confirmed by the content and nature of A. Makarenko's actions, such as a thorough analysis of the problem situation, substantiation of the project's relevance, definition of the model and strategy for its implementation, outline of resources, formulation of the main indicators of the project characterizing its effectiveness, drawing up an algorithm of actions, organizing the implementation of project activities etc. A significant circumstance of A. Makarenko's pedagogical innovation was that, justifying his promising idea, he could not rely on the study of the experience of similar projects, since neither the history of domestic pedagogy nor modern educational practice offered him appropriate analogies. In addition, already at the first stages of activity, he was actually deprived of the desired organizational independence in the implementation of the main points of his plan.