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Abstract
Extremes of climate and hypobaric hypoxia cause poor growth performance in broiler chickens at high altitude. The present study examined the potential of Hippophae rhamnoides extract as phytogenic feed additive for broilers reared at 3500 m above mean sea level (MSL). Higher content of phytomolecules were recorded during characterization of the extract. Immunomodulatory activity of extract was observed in chicken lymphocytes through in-vitro studies. Thereafter, for in vivo study, 105 day old Rhode Island Red (RIR) Cross-bred chicks were randomly distributed in to control and treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 which were supplemented with H. rhamnoides aqueous extract along with basal diet, at level of 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of chicken, respectively. Among the experimental groups, birds in the T3 group represent the highest body weight. Furthermore, treatment group birds had shown better physio-biochemical indices as compared to control group birds. Interestingly, lower mortality rate due to ascites and coccidiosis was recorded in treatment groups and therefore, higher net return was observed. Hence, present investigation demonstrated the beneficial effect of H. rhamnoides extract (@200 mg/kg) at high altitude and therefore, may be used in formulation of feed additive for poultry ration.
Highlights
There has been significant improvement in the growth performance in broiler poultry industry has been achieved in India over the last twenty years
H. rhamnoides plant is habituated to cultivate in stressful surroundings of high altitude and is tolerated to abiotic stresses and such stressful conditions could upregulate the pathway of synthesis of secondary metabolites which results increase in the antioxidant content of this plant[30]
DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity of the H. rhamnoides extract was increased in a dose dependent manner, similar to positive control ascorbic acid
Summary
There has been significant improvement in the growth performance in broiler poultry industry has been achieved in India over the last twenty years. In the stressful environmental conditions of high altitude cold desert Himalayas which are depicted with supreme temperature differences (from +35 °C to −35 °C), hypobaric hypoxia, excessive Ultraviolet radiations, very less availability of water vapours in the atmosphere and shortage of animal food, the growth rate of poultry chickens is severely affected and due to which poultry farming is not more successful in this part of world[1,2,3]. These unfavourable environmental conditions cause variation in physiological functions which could results in metabolic disorders and deficiency in essential nutrients[4]. The current study was performed to determine the dietary supplemental effect of H. rhamnoides extract on broiler growth performance, survivability rate, physio-biochemical indices, and cost economics of their rearing at high altitude and evaluate its potential as a phytogenic feed additive
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