Abstract

Summary: Hip fracture incidence varies worldwide, with numerous factors, among them age, gender, race, reproductive history, hormonal status, race, institutionalization, medical comorbidities, hip geometry, medications, bone density, body habitus, diet, smoking, alcohol, fluoridation of water supplies, environment, climate, and osteopenia, all influencing risk. The independent manner in which these factors could affect the risk of hip fracture is becoming increasingly understood. However, the aging population and rising age-specific hip fracture incidence continue to contribute to an increasing global prevalence. Improved analysis and understanding of current hip fracture epidemiology and risk factors could facilitate enhanced prevention strategies to stem the rising prevalence.

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