Abstract
AbstractGrape canes as agricultural waste from commercial viticultural activities represent a potentially important source of the well-known medicinal and anti-phytopathogenic stilbene compounds trans-resveratrol and trans-e-viniferin. Reports in the literature suggest that concentrations of these compounds range up to 5 mg/g dw and 2 mg/g dw, respectively, and can be quantitatively extracted from the cane residue using low-cost, environmental benign, and non-toxic aqueous alcoholic solvent systems such as ethanol:water mixtures. With current commercial values of these compounds between US$2,000 to US$3,000 per kg, established stilbene yields from cane waste could represent an agricultural coproduct valued at US$2,000 to US$3,000 per hectare of production. At the present worldwide wine grape production of 8,000,000 ha, the extraction of trans-resveratrol and trans-e-viniferin from grape cane waste would have an estimated global economic value of >$30 billion.
Highlights
Agricultural wastes are a largely ignored source of high-value phytochemicals and value-added industrial products
Reports to date suggest that waste grape canes contain significant levels of a compound class termed the stilbenes
Bavaresco et al (1997) reported trans-resveratrol levels from 0.08 to 0.39 mg g-1 dw in grapevine clusters from eight Vitis vinifera varieties, with no variation in concentrations by grape color and the highest levels in a white cultivar
Summary
Agricultural wastes are a largely ignored source of high-value phytochemicals and value-added industrial products. Some dietary sources such as wines, grapes, berries, nuts, and herbal plants contain trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin, thereby contributing to overall dietary intakes (Baur and Sinclair, 2006), there is increasing demand for additional supplementary products in pure forms, and for commercial applications that exploit the broad-spectrum bioactivity of these compounds In addition to their well-characterized bioactive properties as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, stilbenes such as trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin are known to display significant anti-phytopathogenic properties, such as activity against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola; Dercks and Creasy, 1989; Hoos et al, 1990; Dai et al, 1995; Pezet et al, 2004), grey mold (Botrytis cinerea; Langcake, 1981; Hoos and Blaich, 1990; Adrian et al, 1997), Phoma medicaginis (Hipskind and Paiva, 2000), Rhizopus stolonifer (Sarig et al, 1997), and a broad spectrum of microbes and fungi present during postharvest fruit and vegetable storage (Urena et al, 2003; Jimenez et al, 2005). Such a conceptual approach would involve the replacement of synthetic chemical analogs, and the associated environmental and economic costs
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