Abstract
The paper presents a feasibility study on the design of a new metamaterial leaky-wave antenna (MTM-LWA) used in the construction of a 1 × 2 array which is implemented using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for millimetre-wave beamforming applications. The proposed 1 × 2 array antenna consists of two LWAs with metamaterial unit-cells etched on the top surface of the SIW. The metamaterial unit-cell, which is an E-shaped transverse slot, causes leakage loss and interrupts current flow over SIW to enhance the array’s performance. The dimensions of the LWA are 40 × 10 × 0.75 mm3. Mutual-coupling between the array elements is suppressed by incorporating a metamaterial shield (MTM-shield) between the two antennas in the array. The LWA operates over a frequency range of 55–65 GHz, which is corresponding to 16.66% fractional bandwidth. The array is shown to exhibit beam-scanning of ±30° over its operating frequency range. Radiation gain in the backward (−30°), broadside (0°), and forward (+30°) directions are 8.5 dBi, 10.1 dBi, and 9.5 dBi, respectively. The decoupling slab is shown to have minimal effect on the array’s performance in terms of impedance bandwidth and radiation specifications. The MTM-shield is shown to suppress the mutual coupling by ~25 dB and to improve the radiation gain and efficiency by ~1 dBi and ~13% on average, respectively.
Highlights
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are travelling wave antennas with electrically large radiating aperture [1,2]
8 dBi [11]; (3) a composite right/left-hand (CRLH) LWA based on a rectangular waveguide structure that has been demonstrated for a continuous main beam scanning range from −70◦ to 70◦ with gain of 8.64 dBi [12]; and (4) a planar slotted substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) LWA that provides a scanning range of −66◦ to 78◦ with consistent gain [13]
The proposed leaky wave antenna (LWA) array applying the CRLH-SIW unit-cell as shown in Figures 1 and 4 has an π-type circuit model with the two ends terminated by the LH inductances (LL ) realized by the metallic via-holes
Summary
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are travelling wave antennas with electrically large radiating aperture [1,2] Such antennas can provide high gain directive beam without using a complex feeding network [3,4]. It has been shown that metamaterial-based LWA designs can achieve a continuous main beam scanning from the backward to the forward direction as a function of frequency [9]. 8 dBi [11]; (3) a CRLH LWA based on a rectangular waveguide structure that has been demonstrated for a continuous main beam scanning range from −70◦ to 70◦ with gain of 8.64 dBi [12]; and (4) a planar slotted SIW LWA that provides a scanning range of −66◦ to 78◦ with consistent gain [13]. Dimensions of the LWAs were modified for optimum array performance
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