Abstract
Elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) environments have been predicted to improve rice yields under future climate. However, a concomitant rise in temperature could negate e[CO2] impact on plants, presenting a serious challenge for crop improvement. High temperature (HT) stress tolerant NL-44 and high yielding basmati Pusa 1121 rice cultivars, were exposed to e[CO2] (from panicle initiation to maturity) and a combination of e[CO2] + HT (from heading to maturity) using field based open top chambers. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121. Conversely, e[CO2] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced seed-set and 1000 grain weight, respectively. Averaged across both the cultivars, grain yield was reduced by 18 to 29%. Despite highly positive response with e[CO2], Pusa 1121 exposure to e[CO2] + HT led to significant reduction in seed-set and sink starch metabolism enzymatic activity. Interestingly, NL-44 maintained higher seed-set and resilience with starch metabolism enzymes under e[CO2] + HT exposure. Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO2] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity, benefiting from [CO2] rich environments.
Highlights
Pusa 1121 rice cultivars, were exposed to e[CO2] and a combination of e[CO2] + High temperature (HT) using field based open top chambers
Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO2] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity, benefiting from
The day time and night time temperature and relative humidity (RH) across the replicate open top chambers (OTC) with a[CO2] and e[CO2] treatments, did not vary significantly, with an exception of temperature and RH being slightly higher with e[CO2] in 2013
Summary
Pusa 1121 rice cultivars, were exposed to e[CO2] (from panicle initiation to maturity) and a combination of e[CO2] + HT (from heading to maturity) using field based open top chambers. Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO2] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity, benefiting from [CO2] rich environments. E[CO2] led to photosynthetic carbon gain and enhanced carbohydrate metabolism enzymatic activity in the source (leaf ) tissue under non-stress conditions resulting in higher non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in sink (seeds) among crop plants[11,12,13,14,15]. Leaf senescence, leading to net photosynthesis reduction[23, 24] and lower sucrose-starch conversion enzymatic activity under heat stress is known to reduce final grain weight in rice[22] and other crops including wheat[25] and maize[26]
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