Abstract
The article presents an overview of the projects aimed at development of a new class of high-temperature Nb-Si composites consisting of a niobium matrix and a strengthener in the form of niobium silicides. Nb-Si binary diagrams and Nb-Cr-Si, Nb-Hf-Si, Nb-Ti-Si, and Nb-Si-Mo ternary diagrams, as well as Nb-Si-Ti-Cr and Nb-Si-Ti-Hf quaternary diagrams, are analyzed, on the basis of which the compositions of the composite materials are selected. Major methods of obtaining of the composites are considered, including directional solicitation. The main physicomechanical properties are analyzed: short- and long-term strength, destruction viscosity, elasticity modulus, thermal expansion, high-temperature strength, and protective coatings. The density of Nb-Si composites is 6.6–7.2 g/cm3, and the operating temperature is 1350°C, which is 200°C higher than temperature ability of monocrystals of nickel high-temperature alloys of the last generations.
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