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Abstract
The rapid advancement of wearable flexible electronics has heightened the demand for hydrogel materials that combine mechanical robustness with electrical conductivity. Herein, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers-Graphene nanosheets/poly(vinyl alcohol)-sodium alginate-tannic acid (TOCN-GN/PVA-SA-TA, TGG) composite hydrogel fibers are prepared by microfluidic spinning technology to solve the bottleneck problems of poor dispersion of GN and imbalance of mechanical-conductive properties of traditional hydrogels. TOCN, acting as a biotemplate, effectively inhibits GN agglomeration via hydrogen bonding and mechanical interlocking, thereby enhancing GN dispersion and facilitating the formation of 3D conductive networks within hydrogel fibers. The optimized TGG fibers achieved a tensile strength of 0.96MPa, 150% elongation at break, and electrical conductivity of 2.66 S m-1, while exhibiting enhanced energy dissipation and fatigue resistance. As strain sensors, TGG fibers demonstrated high sensitivity (gauge factor is 1.81 at 40-100% strain) and rapid response (≈0.3 s), enabling precise monitoring of joint movements, facial micro-expressions, and swallowing actions. Furthermore, PDMS-encapsulated textile sensors enabled encrypted Morse code transmission, demonstrating innovative potential for next-generation flexible electronics in health monitoring and human-machine interfaces.
Published Version
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