Abstract
The thermal battery has been designed to be active at high temperature to satisfy storage life and large capacity for storage and emergency power. The development of thermal battery with high specific energy requires that the cathode has high thermal stability and excellent conductivity. Here, the semiconductor material Li–Cu–O compounds LiCu2O2 and LiCu3O3 are synthesized by a simple solid-phase sintering technique, which is simpler than the traditional synthesis process. The thermal decomposition temperatures are 680°C and above 900°C, respectively. This work first applies the Li–Cu–O compounds to the thermal battery. With a cutoff voltage of 1.5 V, the specific capacities of LiCu2O2 and LiCu3O3 are 423 and 332 mA h g−1. Both the decomposition temperature and specific capacity are higher than in the commercial FeS2 and CoS2, especially LiCu2O2. This work affords an alternative of the cathode materials for high specific capacity thermal battery.
Highlights
The copper-oxide-based material has been investigated as a high-temperature superconductor, LiBs electrode, and catalyst because of its good electrical conductivity, presence of electron holes, and magnetic interactions (Nakamura et al, 2006; Lepple et al, 2017)
The purity of the quantitative analysis of the powder diffraction patterns are 93.1 wt.% LiCu2O2 and 93.7 wt.% LiCu3O3, which were calculated by K value method according to Table 2
The reason why impurity phase such as Cu2O or CuO existed on samples may be the loss of Li2CO3 or Li2O during prolonged heating (Hibble et al, 1990), while the LiCuO can be attributed to the uncomplete reaction during synthesis process
Summary
The copper-oxide-based material has been investigated as a high-temperature superconductor, LiBs electrode, and catalyst because of its good electrical conductivity, presence of electron holes, and magnetic interactions (Nakamura et al, 2006; Lepple et al, 2017). LiCu2O2 and LiCu3O3 show excellent thermal stability (Hibble et al, 1990; Bush et al, 2004, 2019), which makes them good cathodes for thermal battery. In order to simplify synthetic methods, the raw materials are mixed by ball mill before being heat treated in this work. To keep the high purity, both the synthesis process of LiCu2O2 and the cooling process of LiCu3O3 are carried out in Ar. the micromorphology of LiCu2O2 and LiCu3O3 and their electrochemical performance as cathode materials for thermal batteries were studied. Sinopharm Macklin Aladdin Aladdin is mixed in the same way as raw materials for LiCu2O2 and is heat-treated at 880◦C for 7 h under flow argon–oxygen mixed atmospheres with heating and cooling rates of 10◦C min−1 (cooling process only under argon). The discharge current density is 0.1 A cm−2 with the cutoff voltage of 1.5 V (75% of the peak voltage) at 500◦C
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