Abstract
Current non-invasive electric and electromagnetic non-invasive neuromodulatory approaches have proven effective for inducing transient plastic changes in human cortex. However, these technologies have poor spatial resolution and suffer from a depth-focality tradeoff. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging non-surgical low-energy technique for inducing transient plasticity in sub-cortical and cortical areas with high spatial resolution and adjustable focus. tFUS has been successfully employed in small and large animal preparations and our work has also demonstrated tFUS to be effective for human cortical and subcortical neuromodulation. Here, we will discuss tFUS current approaches as well as challenges and future directions for this technology as a tool for neuroscience research and human brain mapping and potential clinical applications.
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