Abstract
High-resolution images with wide field of view are important in realizing many applications of wireless multimedia sensor networks. Previous works that generally use multi-tier topology and provide such images by increasing the capabilities of camera sensor nodes lead to an increase in network cost. On the other hand, the resulting energy consumption is a considerable issue that has not been seriously considered in previous works. In this paper, high-resolution images with wide field of view are generated without increasing the total cost of network and with minimum energy dissipation. This is achieved by using image stitching in WMSNs, designing a two-tier network topology with new structure, and proposing a camera selection algorithm. In the proposed two-tier structure, low cost camera sensor nodes are used only in the lower-tier and sensor nodes without camera are considered in the upper-tier which decreases total network cost as much as possible. Also, since a simplified image stitching method is implemented and a new algorithm for selecting active nodes is utilized, energy dissipation in the network is decreased by applying the proposed methods. The results of simulations supported the preceding statements.
Highlights
Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are a new and emerging type of sensor networks that contain sensor nodes with capability of obtaining multimedia content such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment [1,2]
Some practical examples of Multi-tier WMSNs are low-resolution-camera-based sensor nodes such as low-power Motes [16] nodes that are equipped with Cyclops cameras [17] in the lowest tier, stronger camera-based sensor nodes like Imote2 [18] nodes equipped with CMUCam3 [19], Mesheye [20], and Panoptes [21] which are placed in the higher tier and the nearest tier to Sink includes strongest camera-based sensor nodes like Stargate-XScale nodes [22] with Web-Cam
A high-resolution and wide image of desired area based on the proposed methods and a new designed two-tier network topology structure has been presented
Summary
Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are a new and emerging type of sensor networks that contain sensor nodes with capability of obtaining multimedia content such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment [1,2]. A methodology to provide high resolution images with wide field of view in CameraBased WMSNs is presented that have following contributions: (i) utilizing an image stitching method in WMSNs, (ii) designing a two-tier network topology with new structures which has camera sensor nodes only in lower-tier, (iii) presenting a method that let upper-tier sensor nodes perform a simplified image stitching, and (iv) presenting an innovative algorithm for lower-tier camera nodes to have a good coverage of field for longer time by selecting them fairly. Energy consumption is the most important issue in WMSNs. Because the density of camera sensor nodes in the lower-tier is high and areas covered by them have large overlaps, selecting an appropriate subset of them that provides an acceptable coverage of desired area must be considered.
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