Abstract
Coastal Arctic regions are characterized by severe mesoscale weather events that include extreme wind speeds, and the rugged shore conditions, islands, and mountain ranges contribute to mesoscale event formation. High-resolution atmospheric modeling is a suitable tool to reproduce and estimate some of these events, and so the regional non-hydrostatic climate atmospheric model COSMO-CLM (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling developed within the framework of the international science group CLM-Community) was used to reproduce mesoscale circulation in the Arctic coast zone under various surface conditions. Mid-term experiments were run over the Arctic domain, especially over the Kara Sea region, using the downscaling approach, with ≈12 km and ≈3 km horizontal grid sizes. The best model configuration was determined using standard verification methods; however, the model run verification process raised questions over its quality and aptness based on the high level of small-scale coastline diversity and associated relief properties. Modeling case studies for high wind speeds were used to study hydrodynamic mesoscale circulation reproduction, and we found that although the model could not describe the associated wind dynamic features at all scales using ≈3 km resolution, it could simulate different scales of island wind shadow effects, tip jets, downslope winds, vortex chains, and so on, quite realistically. This initial success indicated that further research could reveal more about the detailed properties of mesoscale circulations and extreme winds by applying finer resolution modeling.
Highlights
Arctic climate and extreme weather events have attracted attention recently due to the Arctic amplification of global warming and the accompanying environmental changes
The principal task of this research was to review the capability of the mesoscale model, Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO)-CLM, to reproduce sophisticated atmospheric circulation features related to the impact of surface properties on airflow
The main focus of the study was on high-latitude atmospheric dynamics, which have been closely reviewed in this paper
Summary
Arctic climate and extreme weather events have attracted attention recently due to the Arctic amplification of global warming and the accompanying environmental changes. It is well known that the Arctic is the most sensitive region to global climate change, and global temperature increases have been reported to be the highest there [1,2,3]. Sea-ice area decline during the summer season contributes to polar amplification, and it is not the main factor [9,10], it facilitates increased extreme wind and wind wave frequencies across the Arctic Ocean region [11,12]. Kohnemann et al have shown [13] maximum winter temperature increases of up to 20 °C, including the surface
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