Abstract
HPHT diamond synthesis using catalysts based on magnesium demonstrates a number of intriguing characteristics. In this highlight, we review the major characteristics of the growth, morphology, internal structure, and defect and impurity content of diamonds crystallized using Mg-based catalysts.
Highlights
In the search for new routes of producing diamonds with unusual properties, special attention has been paid to elementary substances, both metals and non-metals, as possible catalysts of diamond synthesis
It has been found that diamond synthesis under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions using catalysts based on magnesium demonstrates a number of intriguing characteristics such as an extremely high growth rate, unusual microand macro-morphology of crystals, and effective doping of diamond with Si and Ge impurities
For the conventional transition-metal catalysts commonly used for HPHT diamond synthesis and growth, it is well known that the morphology of diamond crystals changes from cubic to octahedral as the crystallization temperature increases.[53]
Summary
In the search for new routes of producing diamonds with unusual properties, special attention has been paid to elementary substances, both metals and non-metals, as possible catalysts of diamond synthesis. Diamond synthesis has been achieved in the melts of sulfur,[23,24] phosphorus,[25,26] selenium and tellurium,[27] antimony,[28] tin,[29] germanium[30] and copper.[31] The use of unusual solvent-catalysts makes it possible to produce and investigate diamonds with unique properties, such as n-type semiconducting diamonds doped with phosphorus,[32] superconducting boron doped diamond[33] and diamonds containing new optical centers due to germanium[30,34] and copper[31] impurities. The latter two systems are of particular interest since Si and Ge are the same group IV elements as carbon, and optically active silicon-vacancy (Si-V) and germanium-vacancy (Ge-V) centers in diamond are the subject of intense research,[43,44,45,46] being promising single-photon emitters
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