Abstract
We review recent progress in the development of high birefringence (Δn ≥ 0.12) negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε < 0) liquid crystals (LCs) for direct-view and projection displays. For mobile displays, our UCF-N2 (low viscosity, negative Δε, high Δn) based homogeneous alignment fringe-field switching (called n-FFS) mode exhibits superior performance to p-FFS in transmittance, single gamma curve, cell gap insensitivity, and negligible flexoelectric effect. For projection displays using a vertical alignment liquid-crystal-on-silicon (VA LCOS), our high birefringence UCF-N3 mixture enables a submillisecond gray-to-gray response time, which is essential for color sequential displays without noticeable color breakup. Our low viscosity UCF-N2 also enables multi-domain VA displays to use a thinner cell gap for achieving faster response time.
Highlights
Negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε = ε// − < 0) liquid crystals (LCs) [1,2], in which the parallel permittivity (ε//) is smaller than the perpendicular one ( ), have been widely used for direct-view and projection displays
A single-domain vertical alignment (VA) cell has been employed in liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) for data projectors because of its unprecedented contrast ratio [22], while multi-domain VA (MVA) is a common choice for wide-view LCD TVs
UCF-N3 is a high birefringence negative Δε LC we developed for vertical alignment liquid-crystal-on-silicon (VA LCOS), whose
Summary
The common feature of a negative Δε LC is that lateral polar substituents induce a dipole moment perpendicular to the principal molecular axis [3,4,5]. The off-axis polar group would decrease the aspect ratio of the cylindrical molecular shape and tend to disturb the liquid crystal phase stability. A single-domain VA cell has been employed in liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) for data projectors because of its unprecedented contrast ratio [22], while MVA is a common choice for wide-view LCD TVs. In this paper, we will review recent progress on the negative Δε and high Δn LC development for mobile displays using FFS mode, projection displays using. VA LCOS, and wide-view LCD TVs using MVA Among these applications, fast response time is a common requirement
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