Abstract
An in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a dual-tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for bending vector and strain sensing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This sensor consists of a 25.7-cm homemade asymmetric twin-core PCF sandwiched between two tapers. Due to the asymmetry of twin cores, two opposite bending directions can be distinguished with the maximum bending sensitivities of 18.29 and −18.13 nm/ $\text{m}^{-1}$ , respectively. By applying axial strain to the sensor, the strain sensitivity reaches up to −10.65 pm/ $\mu \varepsilon $ . Because of the excellent linear response, the effect of temperature on strain and bending sensing can be eliminated by using a measurement matrix. The advantages of bending direction recognition, high strain and bending sensitivities, and compact structure make this sensor attractive for structural deformation monitoring.
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