High Levels of Well-Being and Being Infected With the COVID-19 Virus Predicted Post-Traumatic Growth in Healthcare Workers.

COVID-19, with the losses it has caused worldwide, can be considered a potentially traumatic event for many individuals. Individuals develop psychopathological outcomes in the wake of traumatic event; besides, post-traumatic growth may be encountered. This study aimed to examine how the stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic affected their post-traumatic growth. This study used descriptive and correlational research. The sample consisted of 1,353 nurses in health care institutions in Turkey. The relevant data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using linear and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The analyses showed that depression and emotional exhaustion were negatively associated with post-traumatic growth, whereas stress and personal accomplishment were positively associated with it. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting stress management and personal accomplishment, while reducing depression and emotional exhaustion, could be important in supporting post-traumatic growth in healthcare workers. Based on these findings, policymakers should adopt a proactive approach, developing both individual and institutional plans to empower healthcare workers in the face of future challenges that may impact public health.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long disorder. Raising a child with autism might be a stressful experience and affects life satisfaction level of mothers. However, mothers may also experience positive changes. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between quiet ego, perceived social support, life satisfaction, and posttraumatic growth among mothers of Turkish children diagnosed with ASD. One hundred and forty-four (144) mothers of children diagnosed with ASD participated in this study from Turkey. They completed Demographic Information Form, Quiet Ego Scale (QES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Pearson Correlation Analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between variables, Multiple Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to discover the predictors of posttraumatic growth level. Perceived social support, quiet ego, life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth were found to be related to each other. Perceived social support, quiet ego, life satisfaction were significant predictors of posttraumatic growth. In addition, perceived social support and quiet ego played mediating role in the relationship between life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth levels. This study might be considered an important study as it is the first study to examine mothers of children with ASD in Turkey in the context of these variables. It is thought that considering the variables of the study, such as quiet ego and perceived social support, in interventions may have positive effects on the life satisfaction of mothers of children diagnosed with ASD, and the positivity that can be experienced in this period, which is associated with many negative variables, may also facilitate post-traumatic growth development.

Introduction and aim. It is very important for nurses to experience post-traumatic growth in order to protect their mental health after traumatic events such as a pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the post traumatic growth status of infection control nurses, who play an important role in health services in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study was conducted with 170 infection control nurses working in infection control committees of hospitals in Turkey. “Nurse Descriptive Information Form” and “Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)” were used as data collection tools in this study. Results. As a result of this research, the mean PTGI total score of the infection control nurses was 70.73±23.03, and it was determined that they experienced moderate growth from the sub-dimensions of the scale. Also it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the changes in philosophy of life sub-dimension scores of PTGI according to the age and marital status of the nurses. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the total PTGI scores according to the year of working as an infection control nurse and the loss of a relative of the healthcare worker due to the COVID-19 disease. Conclusion. In this study, it can be said that infection control nurses experienced a moderate post-traumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, marital status, working year and loss of a healthcare worker friend during the pandemic period seem to affect nurses’ post-traumatic growth. It is very important to determine the mental health of infection control nurses working on the front lines in the pandemic.

Previous studies have shown that healthcare workers experienced post-traumatic growth (PTG) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors, such as social support, coping strategies, and deliberate rumination, were also reported to positively influence healthcare workers’ PTG. This study examined the role of emotional creativity and self-disclosure in the PTG of healthcare workers handling COVID-19 patients. The study involved 186 healthcare workers recruited through convenience sampling. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory - Expanded (PTGI-X), Revised Self-Disclosure Scale (RSDS), and Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) were used to collect data in this study. Based on multiple regression analyses, the model consisting of emotional creativity and self-disclosure was able to predict PTG (F = 15.54; p < 0.001). Partially, the results indicated that emotional creativity significantly predicted PTG (β= 0.337; 95% CI = 0.198 - 0.477), whereas self-disclosure did not (β = 0.112; 95% CI= -0.027 - 0.251). Additional analyses showed that healthcare professionals with more than 20 years of working experience had significantly higher PTG than those with 11 – 20 years of working experience. This study implies that flexibility in expressing emotions is a more preferred and impactful psychological resource in helping healthcare workers face similar traumatic events in the future.

<b>Background</b><br /> The current study investigated the role of three facets of entitlement (active, passive and revenge) in various forms of subjective well-being (SWB): hedonistic and two facets of eudaimonic well-being (social and psychological). Social well-being was based on Keyes’ model (1998) and psychological well-being on Ryff’s model (1989).<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> The study was performed in three nations (Poland, Puerto Rico and Vietnam) on student samples (Poland, n = 245, Vietnam, n = 115, and Puerto Rico, n = 300). To assess entitlement level the Entitlement Questionnaire was used. The level of hedonistic well-being was measured with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and eudaimonic well-being by the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF).<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> Active entitlement was positively related to all aspects of SWB. Revenge entitlement was negatively related to hedonistic and psychological SWB in all samples and negatively related to social well-being only in Poland. Passive entitlement was unrelated to SWB.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> The current study shows cross-cultural similarities in relationships of entitlement with hedonistic and psychological well-being and cross-cultural differences in the relationship of entitlement with social well-being. Additionally, the study indicates positive meaning of healthy aspects of entitlement for subjective well-being and negative meaning of dysfunctional aspects of entitlement for subjective well-being.

Rumination is important in adjusting to traumatic events. Evidence suggests that deliberate rumination predicts posttraumatic growth (PTG), and mediates the relationship between coping and PTG. This study examined the relationship between rumination and psychological adjustment following pregnancy termination for fetal abnormality (TFA). A cross-sectional, online study was conducted with women who had undergone TFA. Women were recruited from a support organization; 161 women completed the Brief COPE, the Perinatal Grief Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Inventory, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using regression and mediation analyses. The results show that women engaged in high levels of intrusive and deliberate rumination post-TFA and that intrusive rumination predicted grief. Intrusive and deliberate rumination predicted PTG, although intrusive rumination was a negative predictor of growth. Deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between grief and PTG. It also mediated the path between positive reframing and PTG, and religious coping and PTG, although the mediation effect depended upon the inclusion of the grief variable in the models. The results confirm the applicability of the PTG model to TFA and support the relevance of rumination to the PTG experience. The results also have clinical implications. Given the positive relationship between deliberate rumination and PTG, promoting interventions that encourage reflective thinking and narrative construction would benefit women post-TFA, particularly those experiencing high levels of distress and/or at risk of complicated grief. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A bifactor model of subjective well-being: A re-examination of the structure of subjective well-being

Despite the indisputable negative psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, positive consequences are also possible. Resilience and coping strategies have been assumed to contribute to these outcomes. However, findings are still scarce and inconclusive. The study aimed to examine the role of resilience and coping strategies in the secondary stress for the Greek healthcare workers (HCWs) and in the posttraumatic growth following the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. A sample of 673 HCWs coming from Greece were recruited. A convenience and snowball mixed sampling procedure were used. A questionnaire was distributed through social networking sites, webpages, and personal contacts of the author. Participants were asked to distribute it to their own contacts. Recruitment occurred during April 5 - 30, 2000, amid the lockdown (March 23-May 03), when people were asked to follow the stringent lockdown constraint enforced by the Greek government. Sociodemographic data were collected. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale measured secondary traumatic stress (STS) for the HCWs. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory measured posttraumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies, respectively. Regression analyses demonstrated that resilience and coping strategies were differentially associated with positive and negative (stress/growth) lockdown outcomes. Resilience and mostly maladaptive coping strategies predicted STS. A mixture of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies predicted PTG. The so-called "second wave" of the outbreak that started in August 2020 indicates that the study of the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and of the internal resources (resilience and coping) to deal with, is necessary. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the coping strategies used by population subgroups (e.g., HCWs) in dealing with the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Enhancing internal resources through supportive services will ameliorate HCWs ability to withstand, recover, and thrive with benefits in their psychological health and well-being. Despite the indisputable negative psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, positive consequences are also possible. Resilience and coping strategies have been assumed to contribute to these outcomes. However, findings are still scarce and inconclusive. The study aimed to examine the role of resilience and coping strategies in the secondary stress for the Greek healthcare workers (HCWs) and in the posttraumatic growth following the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. A sample of 673 HCWs coming from Greece were recruited. A convenience and snowball mixed sampling procedure were used. A questionnaire was distributed through social networking sites, webpages, and personal contacts of the author. Participants were asked to distribute it to their own contacts. Recruitment occurred during April 5 - 30, 2000, amid the lockdown (March 23-May 03), when people were asked to follow the stringent lockdown constraint enforced by the Greek government. Sociodemographic data were collected. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale measured secondary traumatic stress (STS) for the HCWs. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory measured posttraumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies, respectively. Regression analyses demonstrated that resilience and coping strategies were differentially associated with positive and negative (stress/growth) lockdown outcomes. Resilience and mostly maladaptive coping strategies predicted STS. A mixture of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies predicted PTG. The so-called "second wave" of the outbreak that started in August 2020 indicates that the study of the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and of the internal resources (resilience and coping) to deal with, is necessary. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the coping strategies used by population subgroups (e.g., HCWs) in dealing with the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Enhancing internal resources through supportive services will ameliorate HCWs ability to withstand, recover, and thrive with benefits in their psychological health and well-being.

The authors sought to examine levels and predictors of posttraumatic growth over one year after surgery in women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer or benign conditions necessitating surgical intervention. Women with advanced-stage cancer (n = 16), early-stage cancer (n = 18), benign gynecologic disease (n = 21), and no disease (n = 14; postannual pelvic exam) completed questionnaires (Perceived Threat, PTSD Checklist [PCL]) 1 week prior to surgery and completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) 16 months postsurgery. The four groups’ scores varied significantly on the PTGI. The three disease groups reported higher levels of posttraumatic growth than the no disease group. Higher PCL score presurgery and greater disease severity were positively related to posttraumatic growth, and higher income level was negatively related to posttraumatic growth. Women with gynecologic cancer, regardless of stage, and women with benign gynecologic conditions experience posttraumatic growth.

Objective: Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is a perceived positive change after a stressful situation. Studies describe different predictors of PTG. The purpose of this study was to (1) review the evidence that rumination and social support are predictors of PTG; (2) analyze the results of the screened studies. Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching for articles with quantitative or mixed methods that evaluated PTG using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, rumination and/or social support in women with breast cancer. Results: Were identified twelve articles that corresponded to the inclusion criteria. All of them reported some degree of PTG in their samples. Rumination was evaluated in three studies, social support was evaluated in ten, and both were considered to have a positive correlation with PTG. Conclusions: This review concludes that rumination and social support are predictors of PTG in women with breast cancer. These results contribute to the development of new interventions in mental health.

The COVID-19 pandemic added new challenges and stressors to the childbirth period, potentially increasing the risk of traumatic childbirth experiences. There is little known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a childbearing population. This study describes PTG in women after traumatic childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic, birth-related characteristics, traumatic childbirth events, perceived stress, and core beliefs, as well as explores what factors predict PTG. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 202 women who self-identified as having experienced traumatic childbirth. Measures included sociodemographic and birth-related characteristics, traumatic childbirth events, self-reported stress during childbirth, the PTG Inventory, and the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI). Perceived stress at the time of birth was very high in 70% of the respondents. CBI showed moderate disruption of core beliefs. 41.6% of mothers indicated substantial PTG. Education and type of birth were related to perceived stress levels; higher disruption of core beliefs was observed in individuals who experienced perineal trauma and lack of partners' presence during childbirth, and higher disruption of core beliefs was positively associated with PTG. Predictive models showed that perceived stress had a minimal effect, while the disruption of core beliefs showed a significant positive association with PTG. Traumatic childbirth experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic were positively related to PTG. Health professionals should create an environment where women can explore their feelings and emotions. Changes in current practices are also necessary as cesareans have been shown to be highly associated with high levels of perceived stress.

Research on the use of strengths has suggested that it can promote individuals' psychological health and well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between strength use and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the context of COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers, as well as the mediating role of psychological capital in this relationship. A total of 740 health care workers completed the Strengths Use Scale, the Positive Psychological Capital Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Descriptive, correlational, and multiple mediation analyses were performed to analyze the data. Participants of 55.9% reported experiencing significant PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found a significant and positive correlation between strength use, psychological capital, and PTG. In addition, the study found that self-efficacy and optimism, but not hope and resilience, mediated the linkage between strength use and PTG linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also indicated that self-efficacy and optimism had equal importance in the strength use-PTG link. The study concludes that strength use is positively related to PTG in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through the mediating roles of self-efficacy and optimism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The current study examined change in PTG over 2 years following breast cancer diagnosis and variables associated with PTG over time. Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer completed surveys within 8 months of diagnosis and 6, 12, and 18 months later. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the longitudinal effects of demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables on PTG as measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A total of 653 women were accrued (mean age = 54.9, SD = 12.6). Total PTGI score increased over time mostly within the first few months following diagnosis. In the longitudinal model, greater PTGI scores were associated with education level, longer time since diagnosis, greater baseline level of illness intrusiveness, and increases in social support, spirituality, use of active-adaptive coping strategies, and mental health. Findings for the PTGI domains were similar to those for the total score except for the Spiritual Change domain. PTG develops relatively soon after a breast cancer diagnosis and is associated with baseline illness intrusiveness and increases in social support, spirituality, use of active-adaptive coping strategies, and mental health.

Objective: Nurses all over the world have been reported to show high infection rates, extreme fatigue, psychological distress, and mass trauma during the pandemic. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which is an important life trauma, may also contribute to psychological growth. This study was conducted to determine nurses' pandemic-driven posttraumatic growth experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on satisfaction with life. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 517 nurses. The data were collected online between April 13 and June 13, 2021, by using the descriptive information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: The mean scores of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Satisfaction with Life Scale were 51.66±18.97 and 11.44±8.94, respectively. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory score of those who had lost a relative from COVID-19 was higher than those who had not. Having a family member with a history of COVID-19, providing care for patients with COVID-19, and working in the COVID-19 unit were effective factors in the mean scores of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. A weak, positive, significant, and linear relationship was found between the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Conclusion: This study revealed that the pandemic affected nurses' posttraumatic growth and satisfaction with life negatively and that there was a positive relationship between posttraumatic growth and satisfaction with life.

The government of China expropriated the lands of peasants for urban development. Though some landless peasants have become the urban residents in the household registration system, they still recognize themselves as traditional peasants in the psychological cultural aspects. And they do not enjoy the same social security as urban citizens. This study explores the subjective well-being (SWB) of Chinese landless peasants using two scales, namely, the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). A total of 1,236 landless peasants from three relatively developed cities (Nanjing, Yangzhou, and Hangzhou) were included in the sample. Results indicated that 60 % of the respondents got NA scores above the midpoint of scale (30) and 64.64 % of the respondents reported PA scores below the midpoint of scale (30). And 64.56 % of the respondents got SWLS scores below the midpoint of scale (20). SWLS is positively related to PA and negatively related to NA. Therefore, as landless peasants possess more or stronger negative emotions, their SWB decreases. Unfair or unreasonable land compensation and resettlement policy are supposed to lead to negative emotions, while incomplete social security system leads to low life satisfaction among landless peasants.