Abstract
High gastrointestinal microbial diversity and clinical outcome in graft-versus-host disease patients
Highlights
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by approximately 100 trillion prokaryotic cells, most of them being obligate anaerobic bacteria (Fig. 1)
Dysbiosis often arises from iatrogenic factors such as surgery or oncology-associated treatments, and drugs, including chemotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics, which dramatically alter the structure of the microbial ecosystem [4]
This shift in gut microbiota composition is characterized by a reduction of overall microbial diversity, a disruption of beneficial bacteria that support host defenses (e.g., Firmicutes), and a rise in dominance of bacterial species usually subdominant, including some pathogens and pathobionts (e.g., Clostridium difficile, some Enterobacteriaceae) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria
Summary
Iatrogenic stress factors: drugs (antibiotics, chemotherapy...), surgery, radiotherapy Daily life stress factors: nutrition, birth, exposure to chemicals (xenobiotics). Dysbiosis: alteration of the host-microbe dialogue Reduced richness and diversity Loss of symbionts / proliferation of pathogens Barrier defect, uncontrolled local immune responses, systemic inflammation
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