High-Gain Wideband Filtering Quasi-Yagi Antenna Based on High-Order Mode of SSPPs

This paper introduces the design of a high-gain wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G communication. The proposed antenna integrates a novel defected ground structure (DGS) for achieving the wide bandwidth. The ground plane uses a triangular strip inserted into the ground plane to improve the performance of the antenna. It also uses the reflective plate to concentrate the side lobes and minimise the production of the back lobe, thereby boosting the main lobe of the radiated signal and thus increasing the gain of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna uses the FR-4 epoxy substrate with an inset feed technique in its design. The simulation and optimisation of the proposed antenna were carried out with CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna design is compact with a dimension of 28:03 23:455:35mm3 and a maximum gain and directivity of 6.21 dB and 7.56 dB respectively, with a radiation efficiency of about 80%. The proposed antenna operates from 4.921 GHz to 5.784 GHz, which covers the 4.9 GHz-5.8 GHz of the sub-6 GHz 5G communications spectrum. Fabricated and measured result of the antenna confirm simulated results.

In this paper, a through-silicon via (TSV)-based millimeter-wave (mmWave) system-in-package (SiP) is proposed. As a key component in this kind of system, a high-gain wideband antenna is firstly designed using the TSV-compatible Silicon-Benzocyclobutene (Si-BCB) process. By filling the cavity with polymer, the cavity size of the fabricated antenna is reduced by 76.8% comparing with the conventional air cavity. The on-wafer measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 110 GHz to 147 GHz. At 135GHz, the antenna gain and the radiation efficiency are up to 6.26 dBi and 86.8%, respectively. These performance parameters are greatly improved compared with those of the conventional on-chip antennas, i.e., about -10 dBi and 10%. Subsequently, rather than the conventional wire-bonding and flip-chip methods, TSV technique is employed to integrate the high-gain antenna with active circuits. The proposed integration architecture not only reduces the footprint of the fully integrated system but also improves the isolation between the designed antenna and active circuits.

A conical dielectric resonator antenna fed by a rectangular cavity-backed slot is proposed. The design consists of a conical dielectric antenna lying on a cavity-backed slot excited by a coaxial probe. This design aims to block the undesired radiation and enhance the antenna radiation quality to obtain high gain and support exciting high-order modes. Compared to that of other high gain antennas, the proposed design can provide high gain at a lower cost with easy fabrication for dual-pol capability.

A wideband high gain and low side-lobe antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of an yagi antenna array and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding network. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and the simulated and measured results show the good performance of the antenna.

A Phase- and amplitude-adjustable metasurface radome (PAMR) is proposed to achieve a wideband high gain and low radar cross-section (RCS) antenna with arbitrary sidelobe levels (AS-PGMA) at a 9.8 GHz operating frequency. The proposed PAMR is a special multilayer phase gradient metasurface lens whose amplitude distribution is modified based on the Dolph-Tschebyscheff technique. The AS-PGMA simulation results indicate that a high gain, low RCS, and low sidelobe level (SLL) antenna can be achieved over a broad impedance frequency bandwidth of 9.25–10.1 GHz with in-band average values of 17 dB, −7.5dBsm, −20 dB/−27 dB for gain, RCS, and E-/H-plane SLL, which are measured at 9.8 GHz as 17.4 dB, −9dBsm, and −23.02 dB/−27.91 dB, respectively. Additionally, a novel analytical method for calculating the RCS of the proposed PAMR and AS-PGMA is described and verified by measurement and simulation findings. Measurement results show that the E-/H-plane SLL of the AS-PGMA is improved by 12.2 dB/5.1 dB at the operating frequency, respectively, while its gain and RCS reduction are reduced by 1.6 and 2.1 dB, respectively. Moreover, RCS of the AS-PGMA is reduced over an ultrawide bandwidth of 1–20 GHz for orthogonal polarizations. The analysis, simulations, and measurements are all in good agreement.

This paper presents a novel cavity antenna with high-gain radiation and wideband performance. It is designed with multilayer processing technology of low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC). To avoid using excessive via holes and reduce the process complexity, the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> mode is applied in the feeding substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) of cavity antenna. The cavity antenna itself is also operating in high-order mode by introducing two rectangular patches on the top aperture of the cavity. A high-gain cavity antenna is designed and simulated with wideband performance in W-band. The simulated results show a good impedance matching performance with 20% bandwidth. In the range of 81 GHz-99 GHz, the reflection coefficient is better than −15 dB. The maximum antenna gain is achieved of 11.4 dBi at 94 GHz. By using high-order mode on both antenna elements and feed networks, the fabrication of LTCC array antennas can be greatly simplified, which has potential for millimeter-wave and terahertz applications.

In recent days, miniaturized antennas have gained significance in portable ultra-wideband (UWB) applications owing to its broad coverage spectrum. Fractal antennas have become popular in this context owing to the three properties: self-similarity, space-filling, and lacunarity, thereby producing miniaturization with a broad spectrum. Conventional Fractal antennas achieve a good impedance bandwidth, relatively high gain, at the cost of trade-off between compact size, radiation characteristics and broad spectrum. In this paper, an asymmetric coplanar waveguide–fed hexagonal monopole antenna with Boomerang-shaped Fractals is proposed for UWB characteristics with relatively high antenna gain and wide bandwidth. The miniaturization of the antenna is realized by the Fractal structure. The size of the antenna is to be 0.287 λr × 0.287 λr × 0.009 λr, whereλris the resonating wavelength at 3.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is printed on a 0.8-mm-thick FR-4 substrate with relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. From frequency-domain analysis, the experimental results reveal that the fractional bandwidth is 101.7% and the peak antenna gain detected is 5.1 dBi. The radiation performance of the antenna was nearly omnidirectional. From the time-domain analysis, group delay and three different Fidelity Factors i.e. Fidelity Factor (FF), System Fidelity Factor (SFF), and Fidelity Factor of System (FFS), the proposed antenna is found to have negligible distortion. As the bandwidth meets up to fractional bandwidth above 20% and absolute bandwidth greater than 500 MHz, the proposed antenna is suitable for 3.45–10.6 GHz UWB applications.

Wideband application, high antenna gain and high impedance bandwidth are the key parameters of all the wireless communication applications. This paper illustrates the design of a wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna(DRA) with aperture coupling feeding techniques in order to highlight the above key parameters in improved form. The designed antenna has return loss nearly 20 dB at 60GHz which can be used in unlicensed 5G spectrum having improved bandwidth. The proposed antenna is capable to resonates at 60.2GHz providing a bandwidth of 5.7GHz. The HFSS software has been used as simulation soft ware from design point of view.

Yagi-Uda antennas are famous for their broadband and endfire directional pattern properties. A folded dipole is commonly used as the Yagi-Uda driven element. Compared to a linear dipole, a folded dipole provides a higher input impedance, which is scaled by N2, where N is the number of elements in the folded dipole. This paper presents a C-band printed quasi-Yagi antenna having a three-element antipodal folded dipole as its driven element. A balun transition between the feed input and the folded dipole is obtained by tapering both the microstrip feed line and the ground plane. The reflector element of the antenna protrudes from two sides of the triangular ground plane. The high input impedance of the three-element folded dipole feed permits the addition of more director elements without sacrificing the overall input impedance of the antenna, thus keeping a good impedance bandwidth without having to re-tune the balun design. The inclusion of the extra directors renders the antenna highly directive. Also due to the multiple elements in the folded dipole, size reduction of the antenna is possible by shrinking the distance between the different parasitic elements, which happens without hurting the overall performance. In addition to the the simulated and measured results of the presented quasi-Yagi antenna, this paper also reports the design of a linear array of four such quasi-Yagi antennas, which has a large bandwidth and a high directivity.

Modern communication systems require high bandwidth to meet the needs of the huge number of sensors and the growing amount of data consumed, and an exponential growth is expected in the future with the integration of internet of things networks. Spectrum regions in the millimeter waves have aroused new interests, mainly because of the contiguous bands available to meet these needs. In return, and to combat the high losses of propagation in these frequencies, higher gain antennas are needed. This paper describes the use of a logarithmic architecture in the design of microstrip antenna arrays, creating structures with high gain and ultra-wide bandwidth. Three different solutions are presented with five, seven, and nine elements, reaching about 25%, 30%, and 44% of bandwidth, achieving ultra-wideband behavior, efficient and with a compact structure operating at frequencies in around 28 GHz.

In this paper, a planar substrate integrated MMW/THz antenna is presented using a higher-order mode feeding cavity and modified radiation apertures. The antenna is directly fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The GCPW is separated into two slots at the terminal to respectively excite two parallel TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">201</inf> resonant cavities and realize a 2×2 slot array. The antenna structure is improved using modified radiation apertures for the purpose of modified radiation patterns and higher antenna gain. A 60 GHz band antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured peak gain is 14.6 dBi with a 3-dB gain bandwidth from 53.2 to 65.8 GHz (21.2%). In addition, based on the proposed structure and printed circuit board technology, a THz band antenna is explored and designed with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 24.4%, from 0.18 to 0.23 THz.

In this paper, a single-fed low-cost wideband and high-gain slotted cavity antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology using high-order cavity modes is demonstrated. High-order resonant modes (TE130, TE310, TE330) inside the cavity are simply excited by a coaxial probe which is located at the centre of the antenna. Energy is coupled out of the cavity by a 3 × 3 slot array etched on the top surface of the cavity. Measured results show that the prototype achieves an impedance bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of > 26% (28 to 36.6 GHz), and a 1-dB gain bandwidth of 14.1% (30.3 to 34.9 GHz). In addition, a measured maximum gain of 13.8 dBi and efficiency of 92% are obtained.

We investigate and present a very low-profile, high-efficiency, and high-gain 2-D leaky-wave antenna (2DLWA) implemented on a high permittivity substrate operating in the millimeter-wave range, paving the way for the seamless integration of a high-gain and high-efficiency antenna with a frontend. In contrast to the typical air-filled 2DLWA, where a perturbation of the first higher-order mode (TE1/TM1) results in highly directed broadside radiation, in the proposed antenna, the propagation and leakage of a quasi-TEM (Q-TEM) mode results in an extremely low-profile ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.065\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), high-gain (~15 dBi) antenna. In this scenario, the transverse resonance condition for a Q-TEM mode is established by employing a capacitive partially reflective surface (PRS) in a thin ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.065\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) substrate with a relative permittivity of 10.2. The proposed periodic 2DLWA, unlike the conventional uniform/quasi-uniform air-filled counterparts, radiates based on the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {n}=-\mathbf {1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> space harmonic operation. Due to a strong mutual interaction between the PRS and ground plane, conventional design and analysis approaches are no longer relevant in this low-profile architecture. Instead, we employ the Floquet modal expansion theory to create an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the PRS that takes into account the contributions and mutual interactions of the Floquet harmonics as well as the ground plane effect. By employing reflecting boundaries realized with edge truncation (air trenches) in a high permittivity substrate, we show that the aperture efficiency is enhanced by 15% compared to conventional counterpart.

A high-gain hybrid monopole dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. The bridge-shaped dielectric resonator is selected as radiator, which works in high-order modes. The monopole excites the DR as the feeding mechanism and also acts as an effective radiator itself. The bandwidth of 46.6% at the centered frequency of 4.85GHz and the gain of over 8dBi for the entire operational bandwidth have been achieved. An enhancement of gain by over 3dBi has been obtained compared to a single monopole antenna mounted on the ground plane.

A high-gain wideband antenna, using the electromagnetic resonances of double Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities, is proposed. The two cavities are excited by a patch antenna placed in the cavities on top of the ground plane. One of the double F-P cavities is formed by a ground plane and a single metallic strips array, and the other consists of the patch and the metallic strips array. The two F-P cavities have different resonance points which yield the frequency bandwidth of 7% between 13.0 and 14 GHz with S11 ≤ 10 dB, meanwhile, in this frequency region high gain is also obtained. Moreover, the center frequency and bandwidth could be adjusted by changing the cavity length. The high-gain wideband antenna was manufactured and measured. The measured VSWR is less than 2 from 13.3 GHz to 15.2 GHz, the measured gain is 13.5 dB at 13.5 GHz. In addition to that, a considerable improvement of 7 dB in terms of gain is obtained when compared to the same antenna without metallic strips.