Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI), which is an obesity index, on the change in the muscle damage index after eccentric exercise. Methods: Forty healthy male university students participated in this study and were classified into normal (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2, n = 20) and high BMI groups (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 20). For eccentric exercise, a modified preacher curl machine was used. Participants performed two exercise sets with 25 repetitions in each set. With regard to the muscle damage index, maximum strength, muscle soreness, and the creatine kinase (CK) level were measured. Results: Loss of maximum strength, muscle soreness, and the CK level were higher in the high BMI group than in the normal BMI group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, BMI is one of the potential factors related to muscle damage after eccentric exercise.
Highlights
Obesity involves the excessive accumulation of fat in the body, and it is one of the problems threatening health [1]
Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Both the normal and high body mass index (BMI) groups showed significant time effects with regard to the maximum strength (F = 116.014, p < 0.001), muscle soreness (F = 74.467, p < 0.001), and creatine kinase (CK) level (F = 9.104, p < 0.01), indicating that the eccentric exercise protocol was well adapted in this study
The high BMI group showed a greater decrease in maximum strength immediately after exercise when compared to the finding in the normal BMI group, and recovery at 24 (t = −2.122, p < 0.05), 48 (t = −2.219, p < 0.05), 72 (t = −2.882, p < 0.01), and 96 h (t = −2.273, p < 0.05) after exercise was slower in the high BMI group (Table 2)
Summary
Obesity involves the excessive accumulation of fat in the body, and it is one of the problems threatening health [1]. Muscle damage generally involves a decrease in maximum strength, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and increases in the blood levels of muscle proteins, such as creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin [4]. Paschalis et al reported a remarkable decrease in maximum strength and remarkable increases in DOMS and blood CK levels after eccentric exercise in obese individuals with more than 31% average body fat when compared to the findings in normal individuals [5]. Knoblauch et al reported that cell membrane damage in muscles was higher in obese rats than in normal rats [6]. These findings indicate that a higher degree of obesity is associated with more muscle damage after eccentric exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BMI on the change in the muscle damage index after eccentric exercise
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