Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae) has been used traditionally as a food, in herbal drinks, in hot and cold beverages, as a flavouring agent in the food industry and as a herbal medicine. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence mostly for phytochemically poorly characterised Hs extracts. Extracts showed antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects among others. This might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), and direct vaso-relaxant effect or calcium channel modulation. Phenolic acids (esp. protocatechuic acid), organic acid (hydroxycitric acid and hibiscus acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) are likely to contribute to the reported effects.More well designed controlled clinical trials are needed which use phytochemically characterised preparations. Hs has an excellent safety and tolerability record.
Highlights
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs), known as roselle, is an ideal crop for developing countries as it is relatively easy to grow, can be grown as part of multi-cropping systems and can be used as food and fibre
Doses are provided for the regulation/improvement of various physiological parameters/conditions/ functions associated with said disorders and others such as skin condition, joint mobility, mood, memory function and recall, lean body mass, stamina, libido and others.; Combinations thereof with the extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, and 20 other extracts or supplements Matter of the patent: combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa due to effect in diabets, hypertension, malum cordis, renopathy, respiratory diseases, diuresis, reduction of cholesterol in the blood, etc. and Stevia as sweetner
Summary
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs), known as roselle, is an ideal crop for developing countries as it is relatively easy to grow, can be grown as part of multi-cropping systems and can be used as food and fibre. In China the seeds are used for their oil and the plant is used for its medicinal properties, while in West Africa the leaves and powdered seeds are used in meals. It is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. A limited number of reviews on Hs have been conducted. This review will focus on the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Hs in more detail, and on economic-botanical aspects of Hs, its scientific applications and translational research
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