Abstract
Satellite networks provide complete connectivity and worldwide data transmission capability for constructing the Internet of Things. However, because of the varying Internet of Things traffic density, satellite networks may endure imbalanced traffic requirements and frequent link congestion. To effectively resolve these problems and optimally transmit Internet of Things data, a novel hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks is proposed in this article. Hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme enables satellites to route Internet of Things traffic through global planning and local real-time adjustments in two steps. In hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme, given the predictive nature of Internet of Things traffic distribution and Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, the inter-satellite traffic demand is decomposed into a predictable long-range baseline and unpredictable short-range fluctuations. A global strategy is employed first for preliminary global traffic allocation based on long-range baselines, and a local strategy is then employed for route adjustments based on short-range fluctuations. With the combination of global planning and local real-time adjustments, network traffic can eventually obtain a near-optimal allocation. Numerical simulations indicate that in contrast to single-strategy schemes, hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme can more thoroughly eliminate congestion, and it performs better in measures such as packet loss rate, average queuing delay, traffic distribution, route oscillation, and communication overhead.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to comprise billions of heterogeneous smart devices that have sensor terminals, which may create an unprecedented access and exchange of information
We propose a hybrid global-local (HGL) load balancing routing scheme that aims to eliminate congestion and optimally transmit IoT traffic through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks
In section ‘‘IoT traffic demand of LEO satellite networks,’’ we introduce the decomposition of traffic demand time series and provide the methodology for baseline modeling
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to comprise billions of heterogeneous smart devices that have sensor terminals, which may create an unprecedented access and exchange of information. We propose a hybrid global-local (HGL) load balancing routing scheme that aims to eliminate congestion and optimally transmit IoT traffic through LEO satellite networks. New optimization objective: When using global strategies, the optimal traffic allocation is traditionally formalized by minimizing the maximum flow of the network.[16,17,31] this objective often reserves redundant link capacity to accommodate the actual traffic, degrading the delay performance, in particular in noncongestion situations To address this overprovisioning problem, HGL pursues the objective of minimizing the total flow cost of the network.[32] Simulations prove that HGL can effectively reduce the average end-to-end delay while performing to load balancing routing schemes with traditional objective. In section ‘‘Conclusion,’’ we conclude this article with a summary
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