Abstract
There is an increasing demand for fast charging and high capacity lithium ion batteries. However, conventional Li-ion battery chemistries cannot meet the stringent requirements of these demands due to the poor performance of graphite anodes, especially on safety during fast charging. Finding the right anode material that can replace conventional graphite while providing high capacity is very challenging. Today, lithium titanium oxide (LTO) is considered one of the most attractive anode materials that can provide the desired ultra-fast charging ability (>10C) with high safety. However, it has many serious drawbacks when compared to the existing graphite anodes, including poor intrinsic conductivity, narrow electrochemical window, etc. Extensive research has been done to overcome these problems, especially in developing new LTO composite materials with reduced graphene oxide. However, even these methods have rapid capacity fading at high current densities, >5C, due to increased internal resistance and polarization losses. Here, we demonstrate an effective way to improve LTO composite materials by developing unique nanoengineered three-dimensional frameworks with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) addition. Li-ion cells with h-BN incorporation exhibit excellent performance and operational stability, especially at fast and ultra-fast charging rates, >10C.
Highlights
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become an integral component of everyday life and power a wide range of commercial products, from small portable electronic devices to electric vehicles.1–3 conventional state-of-the-art LIB chemistries cannot keep up with the increasing power and fast charging demand from users
We demonstrate a new strategy to enhance the specific capacity of LTO by developing unique nanoengineered threedimensional (3D) frameworks. These frameworks are built by scitation.org/journal/adv combining LTO with highly conductive reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) aerogel and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
The framework is prepared by mixing LTO (>99%, Sigma Aldrich) with various weight percentages of r-GO and h-BN flakes
Summary
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become an integral component of everyday life and power a wide range of commercial products, from small portable electronic devices to electric vehicles.1–3 conventional state-of-the-art LIB chemistries cannot keep up with the increasing power and fast charging demand from users. 1.5 V vs Li+/Li).4–8 All of these properties make LTO one of the safer chemistries for LIBs. LTO displays many serious drawbacks as compared to the existing graphite anodes, including poor intrinsic conductivity (10−9 S cm−1), lithium ion transfer capability, energy density, and theoretical capacity of 175 mA h g−1.9,10 To overcome these drawbacks, numerous device architectures have been proposed and studied, including developing alternative surface modifications,11,12 bulk doping,13,14 and morphological adjustment.15,16.
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