Abstract
Genetic variants at heat shock protein 70 gene and their influence on heat stress (HS) tolerance were studied among selected Nigeria zebu, namely, 25 White Fulani (WF), 21 Sokoto Gudali (SG), 21 Red Bororo (RB), and 23 Ambala (AM). Detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) followed by determination of genotype and genotypic frequency was made among the selected breeds. The heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) was determined from thermo-related parameters including body temperature, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate. Thermo-Tolerance was evaluated through the SNP–thermo-parameter relationship. Statistical analyses were done using the GLM procedure in SAS. A quantitative real-time/high-resolution melting-based assay detected twelve genetic variants. Five of these were common and shared across all breeds of cattle. Of the remaining seven variants, three were specifically identified in AM, two in SG, and two in RB. Also, SNPs were evaluated and four unique SNPs (C151T, C146T, G90A, and C219A) were identified. Heterozygous animals had lower HTC suggesting their potential to withstand HS than homozygous counterparts. The WF and RB animals had significantly lower values for all parameters (BT, RT, RR, and HTC) compared to AM and SG breeds. Thermo-related parameters were significantly different (P < 0.001), and it is recommended that screening of SNPs in zebu is needed to enable selection for improved thermo-tolerance.
Highlights
Among livestock, cattle are the main contributors to animal proteins and a substantial proportion to the economies of many developing countries (Herrero et al, 2013)
The highest variant was the PRP which occurred in 41.8% of the samples followed by RED (16.4%) while the lowest-occurring variants were BRN, CHO, YLO, MGT, BLU, Army green (AGN), and Navy blue (NBL) which comprised 1.8% of the genetic variants each (Table 2)
Genetic variants have been detected in grapevine leaf roll-associated associated virus (Bester et al, 2012), in Pseudomonas savastanoi and Pathovars (Gori et al, 2012), and in multiple detection of genetic variants of Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance mutations and strain types (Li W. et al, 2011)
Summary
Cattle are the main contributors to animal proteins and a substantial proportion to the economies of many developing countries (Herrero et al, 2013). Habeeb et al (2018) have shown that an increase in ambient temperatures combined with relative humidity affects the ability of cattle to maintain homeothermy and, when the core body temperature is more than the normal physiological level, results in high HS. These negative impacts result in significant loss of income and increased management costs (Kishore et al, 2016). It is of great necessity that livestock species are bred to reproduce and produce normally under these circumstances (West, 2003). Biological information including the genetic potential of various livestock species with respect to various traits of economic importance needs to be elucidated (Onasanya et al, 2020)
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