Heterotrophic activity and hydrocarbon degradation in crude oil-contaminated coastal soil augmented with indigenous biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas sp.

Abstract

The enhanced bioremediation of the petroleum-contaminated soil from the Ibeno coastal area was investigated using standard microbiological and biotechnological methods. Soil samples were simulated with 200ml, 400ml, and 800ml of Bonny Light crude oil representing 5%, 10%, and 20 % contamination levels respectively, and allowed to mimic natural crude oil degradation for 48 hours. The contaminated soil was bioaugmented with 15 ml of 24-hour culture of potent biosurfactant-producing bacteria – Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a viable cell count of 2.6 x 103 CFU/ml and monitored for 12 weeks. Analysis of the fate of the hydrocarbon contamination in soil augmented with the biosurfactant-producing pseudomonad revealed that the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was faster in augmented soils. At the end of the degradation, the augmentation process induced a reduction in the TPH content and PAH levels of soil exposed to 20% contamination from 32.85 mg/kg to 15.14 mg/kg and from 16.34 mg/kg to 5.35 mg/kg respectively. These represent 45.9% and 32.7% remediation rates of TPH and PAH, respectively. The findings of this study also indicate that bioaugmentation of crude oil-contaminated soil with a culture of P. aeruginosa, does not only influence the density of heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the soil but increases the natural attenuation potentials of the contaminated soil.