Abstract
Abstract Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this research was to produce new, high-quality hybrids through hybridization. We generated two promising hybrids (OPRC16 and OPRC57) combination from the varieties “Amsterdam” and “White Prosperity”. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2014 to 2018. Values of Hm for traits were defined as the difference between the mid-F1 value and the mid-parent value, Mean Mid-parent Heterosis (MPH) or (Hmp) and High Parent Heterosis (HPH) or (Hsp). The results showed that the morphological analysis revealed the heredity and variation in the promising hybrids. The results for the hybrid OPRC16 showed that the Hm and Hmp values were negative for peduncle length but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was observed to be negative for the traits of peduncle length, leaf width, stem diameter, and cormels diameter, but it was positive for other traits. According to the results for the hybrid OPRC57, the Hm and Hmp values were negative for plant height, floret number, peduncle length, floret diameter, stem diameter, spike length, cormles weight, and cormlet diameter and negative for other traits. Peduncle length was positive in other traits. The Hmp value was negative for peduncle length, but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was recorded to be positive for leaf length, bud diameter, vase life, cormlet number, and cormles yield but negative for other traits. All in all, OPRC57 showed a negative heterosis in most traits. Based on the results, when ‘Amsterdam’ is used as the maternal plant in crosses, it has more positive heterosis effects than when it is used as the paternal parent. These results indicate that major of traits in the phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient was very low, indicating that they had less environmental effects, since the genotypes were cultivated under similar and controlled conditions.
Highlights
Gladiolus is the most popular cut-flower after rose and chrysanthemum in Iran
The highest coefficient of variations (CV) was related to cormlet weight and the lowest to vase life (Table 2)
Concerning the traits of the promising hybrid OPRC57 and the parents, significant differences were observed in all traits unless vase life
Summary
Gladiolus is the most popular cut-flower after rose and chrysanthemum in Iran. It is being grown over an area of 350 ha and centers of production are in pakdasht, varamin, karaj, damavand, mahallat, dezful and jiroft (Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, 2015). Gladiolus popularly known as Sword lily or Corn Lily and originated from South Africa (Poon et al, 2012). The genus of Gladiolus contains over 276 species throughout the world, but they are mostly native to the western, southern, and eastern parts of Africa 12 species have been originated from the Mediterranean regions (Rina & Hiroshi, 2016). In Iran it is one of the main bulbous cut flowers and in the world which has an important role in exporting as cut flowers (Azimi, 2020b)
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