Abstract
The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were examined during Rabi (crop season) of 2013-2014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. The experiment for this study was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. The breeding material was comprised of four parents (Imdad, TD-1, SKD-1, and Moomal). These parents were crossed in half partial mating fashion; thus, six possible cross combinations (F1s) were obtained (Imdad × TD-1, Imdad × SKD-1, Imdad × Moomal, TD-1 × SKD-1, TD-1 × Moomal, and SKD-1 × Moomal). A three-replicated RCB Design was used. The mean squares corresponding to different traits of various hexaploid wheat genotypes indicated significant (P F1 hybrids) effects for the characters (plant height, tillers plant-1, spike length, spikelets spike-1, seeds spike-1, seed index, and grain yield plant-1). The mean performance of F1 hybrids differed significantly (P < 0.01) for all the traits studied. Among the parents, Imdad and TD-1 proved to be better general combiners for almost all the studied traits. In regards to SCA effects, the F1 hybrids Imdad × TD-1 and Imdad × SKD-1 expressed higher SCA and heterotic effects for most of the studied traits.
Highlights
Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) is the most important crop and among the major three cereal crops that provides 20 percent of the total energy requirement in human food [1]
The F1 hybrids were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean performance, heterosis/heterobeltiosis, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA)
The results regards to GCA and SCA effects for various traits are shown in Table 9 and Table 10
Summary
Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) is the most important crop and among the major three cereal crops that provides 20 percent of the total energy requirement in human food [1]. The production of wheat stood at 24.2 million tons during 2012-2013 against the target of 25.5 million tons, showing 5.1 percent decrease, while an increase of 3.2 percent over the last year production of 23.5 million tons. The area under wheat cultivation increased to 8693 thousand hectares in 2012-2013 from 8650 thousand hectares, showing an increase of 0.5 percent over preceding year area under wheat. The production of wheat stood at 24.2 million tons against the target of 25.5 million tons in 2012-2013, showing a decrease, while an increase over the production reported (23.5 million tons) for 2011-2012. The yield per hectare in 2012-2013 remained 2787 kg, showing a positive growth as compared with last year (2011-2012) [7]
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