Heredity of stress-related cortisol response in androgenetic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.)

Rosemary leaf powder improved growth performance, immune and antioxidant parameters, and crowding stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

The protective effects of dietary garlic on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia toxicity

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wood betony (WB), Stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth performance and some immune responses in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Different concentrations of the WB extract 0, 2, 4 and 8% (g per 100 g of diet) were added to commercial diet. Each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish having average initial weight of 44 ± 0.62 g for 10 weeks. The results showed that final weight, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor were significantly improved by WB in a dose dependent manner, where the best growth parameters were achieved in the group of fish receiving the highest concentration of WB (P<0.05). Feeding fish at 2 and 4% W/W by WB in the diet improved lysozyme activity, ACH50 and IgM levels significantly in comparison to the control (P<0.05). Group of fish fed on 4% WB in the diet had the best levels of the immune characteristics (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to feed common carp with WB to improve growth and non-specific immunity.

The effect of large doses of vitamin C AND magnesium on stress responses in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

Application of dietary feed additives is an excellent approach to improve fish health status under different stressful condition. The current study investigated the roles of different level of dietary gallic acid (GA) on growth performances, biochemical indices, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidant status and immunological responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) subjected to crowding stress. Fish were fed with the control diet (0 mg/kg GA) and four graded levels of GA (150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg) for 60 days each with three replicates. Moreover, fish were challenged with crowding stress for six hours. The results revealed significant improvement in growth performances, immune indices in common carp fed with dietary GA in comparison to the control diet. The study also demonstrated significant improvement feed utility through enhanced activities of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) by dietary GA provision. Moreover, dietary GA noticeably enhanced the antioxidant status of common carp by improving superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lowering malondiadehyde specially after exposure to crowding stress. Considering these results, the current study reveals that dietary GA at the concentration of 450 mg/kg can successfully improve growth performances, biochemical indices, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidant status and immunological responses in common carp.

Compensatory responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: Additional effects of feeding and exercise

Dietary β-glucan stimulate complement and C-reactive protein acute phase responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during an Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene interfered with cell composition and immune ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) intestine through inducing cell heterogeneous responses

Early mucosal responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila

Trichlorfon exposure in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leads to oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses

Genome-wide mining of gpx gene family provides new insights into cadmium stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The aim of the present study was to purify the common native carp growth hormone (ncGH), produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to common native carp growth hormone (ncGH), and further enhance the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for ncGH. Additionally, we investigated changes in serum ncGH levels in carps raised in different environmental conditions. The recombinant grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) growth hormone was purified and used as antigen to immunize the rabbit. The natural ncGH was isolated from the pituitaries of common carp. SDS-PAGE and Western blot utilizing the polyclonal anti-rgcGH antibody confirmed the purification of ncGH from pituitaries. Purified ncGH was then used as an immunogen in the B lymphocyte hybridoma technique. A total of 14 hybridoma cell lines (FMU-cGH 1-14) were established that were able to stably secrete mAbs against ncGH. Among them, eight clones (FMU-cGH1-6, 12 and 13) were successfully used for Western blot while nine clones (FMU-cGH 1-7, 9 and 10) were used in fluorescent staining and immunohistochemistry. Epitope mapping by competitive ELISA demonstrated that these mAbs recognized five different epitopes. A sensitive sandwich ELISA for detection of ncGH was developed using FMU-cGH12 as the coating mAb and FMU-cGH6 as the enzyme labeled mAb. This detection system was found to be highly stable and sensitive, with detection levels of 70 pg/mL. Additionally, we found that serum ncGH levels in restricted food group and in the net cage group increased 6.9-and 5.8-fold, respectively, when compared to controls, demonstrating differences in the GH stress response in common carp under different living conditions.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals a cellular immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

This study was done to evaluate the effect of different quercetin levels on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant status, serum biochemical factors, and high-temperature stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total number of 216 common carp with an average weight of 27.21 ± 53 g were divided into 12 tanks (four treatments × three replications) and fed 0 mg/kg quercetin (T0), 200 mg/kg quercetin (T1), 400 mg/kg quercetin (T2), and 600 mg/kg quercetin (T3) for 60 days. There were significant differences in growth performance, and the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) were observed in T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Different quercetin levels significantly increased complement pathway activity (ACH50) and lysozyme activity both before and after heat stress (P < 0.05). Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in fish exposed to heat stress, but fish fed with a supplemented diet with quercetin showed the lowest levels both before and after heat stress (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly enhanced in fish fed diets supplemented with quercetin in both phases (P < 0.05). Different quercetin levels led to a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and after the challenging test (P < 0.05). Glucose and cortisol levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other treatments in both phases (P < 0.05). The expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lysozyme was markedly upregulated in fish fed with quercetin-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). No marked effects were observed for growth hormone (GR) and interleukin-8 (IL8) (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary quercetin supplementations (400-600 mg/kg quercetin) improved growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant status and increased tolerance to heat stress.

Cytokines' gene expression, humoral immune and biochemical responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758) to transportation density and recovery in brackish water