Hepatic resection using intermittent vascular inflow occlusion and low central venous pressure anesthesia improves morbidity and mortality

Abstract

Hepatic resection results in significant morbidity and mortality primarily related to intraoperative blood loss. Intermittent vascular inflow occlusion (VO) and low central venous pressure (CVP) during hepatectomy have been used to reduced blood loss. To determine the benefit of VO and low CVP, we reviewed the outcomes of 168 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection. The results of 78 patients who had undergone hepatic resection between 1993 and 1998 with the use of VO and low CVP (post-VO/CVP) were compared to the previous 90 patients who had undergone hepatectomy without VO and low CVP (pre-VO/CVP) between 1979 and 1992. Hepatectomies were performed for metastatic disease (65%), hepatoma (20%), and benign tumors (15%). Resections included 18 trisegmentectomies, 67 lobectomies, and 83 segmental resections. Patients in both groups were similar with regard to extent of resection. Post-VO/CVP patients had significantly lower median estimated blood loss (725 ml vs. 2300 ml, P <0.001), less postoperative morbidity (10.3% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.038), lower in-hospital mortality (2.6% vs. 10%, P = 0.050), fewer days in the intensive care unit (1.6 ± 0.1 days vs. 5.6 ± 1.2 days, P = 0.003), and shorter overall length of stay (8.0 ± 0.5 days vs. 15.0 ± 1.6 days, P <0.001) than pre-VO/CVP patients. These data suggest that VO and low CVP during liver resection may improve patient outcomes.