Abstract
A transpiration method was used to evaluate the Henrian activity coefficient of Bi (γoBi) in Cu-Ni mattes. Values for the activity coefficient of Bi were evaluated at 1473 K as a function of the Cu/Ni molar ratio from 0 to 1 and as a function of the sulphur deficiency (defined as SD = XS – 1/2XCu – 2/3XNi, where Xi is the mole fraction of the ith species) from −0.1 to 0. The dependence of γoBi on both the Cu/Ni molar ratio and SD is represented by the equationsγoBi (at SD = −0.04) = 2.12 + 0.58·(Cu/Ni) + 1.16·(Cu/Ni)2andγoBi (at Cu/Ni = 0.5) = 3.19 + 14.8·SD + 64.2·SD2.Analysis of the activity coefficient (γBi) as a function of the trace element concentration reveals that the activity coefficient is independent of Bi content at weight percent less than 0.7. Unlike Cu-Fe mattes, the experimental results show that Ni, in a matte, can significantly reduce the volatility of Bi as represented by the low value of γoBi.
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