Abstract
The origins of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children and adolescents with cancer can be traced back over 50 years ago to the original reports of Thomas et al. [1, 2]. Thomas et al. initially reported the results of syngeneic transplants in twins with leukemia who had been conditioned with superlethal doses of total body radiation (TBI) [1, 2]. Since that groundbreaking observation over 50 years ago, additional sources of stem cells have been investigated in children and adolescents with a variety of malignant conditions including human leukocyte antigen (HLA)matched sibling or related allogeneic donors, matched unrelated adult donors, sibling and unrelated cord blood donors, haploidentical donors, and autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood. Currently, there are a variety of malignant conditions that occur in children and adolescents that may benefit from HSCT during different stages of their treatment and can be subdivided into hematopoietic neoplasms and solid tumors (Table 19.1). We have summarized the state of the science of HSCT in children with cancer in the remainder of this chapter.
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