Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Leukoaraiosis without Lesion Location Correlation

Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review

To evaluate the accuracy of several methods aimed to detect Helicobacter pylori stool antigens in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Thirty-four patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding because of peptic ulcer were included. The first stool sample during hospitalization was collected, and stool antigens were determined with: polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Premier-Platinum-HpSA); monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Amplified-IDEIA-HpStAR); and rapid monoclonal immunochromatographic test (ImmunoCard-STAT HpSA). A patient was considered infected when H. pylori was diagnosed with invasive tests (rapid urease test or histology) or with (13)C-urea breath test. When all tests were negative, a new breath test was repeated after stopping proton pump inhibitors. All patients were infected and, therefore, only sensitivity of the tests could be calculated: polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (74%), monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (94%), and rapid monoclonal immunochromatographic test (60%; concordance between the two observers was high, kappa = 0.9). Neither the presence of maelena nor the delay in obtaining stool samples explained false negatives. Neither the polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay stool antigen test nor the rapid immunochromatographic stool antigen test can be recommended to diagnose H. pylori infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay stool antigen test is highly sensitive for detecting the infection in patients with this complication, although more studies are necessary to evaluate the specificity of the method.

Further data on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma

TO THE EDITOR: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported to cause vascular endothelial damage with resulting coronary arteriosclerosis (1). Malabsorption of vitamins caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may affect the serum homocysteine concentration (2), and result in arteriosclerosis (3, 4). However, the findings of previous studies concerning the effect of H. pylori infection on homocysteine concentration are still conflicting (5, 6, 7, 8). Recently, we have found that H. pylori-seropositive elderly Japanese individuals have a significantly lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration than H. pylori-seronegative ones (9), suggesting that long-term infection with H. pylori may have an effect on the development of arteriosclerosis and the onset of cardiovascular disease. However, there was no difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level between H. pylori-positive and negative individuals under the age of 60 yr. Therefore, we investigated the serum homocysteine concentration in H. pylori-positive and negative individuals to clarify whether H. pylori infection affects homocysteine metabolism as a cause of arteriosclerosis in middle-aged individuals. The subjects were 45 healthy volunteers with H. pylori infection (mean age 39.8 yr, range 29–53 yr, 24 men), and 45 age-matched controls without infection (mean age 39.4 yr, range 31–53 yr, 19 men). The subjects' H. pylori infection status had been determined previously by both 13C-urea breath test and serology. None of the subjects had undergone eradication therapy for H. pylori infection. After obtaining the subjects' written informed consent, serum samples were collected, and total homocysteine concentrations were measured by the previously established method using high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS statistical package (Version 6.1J for Macintosh, SPSS, Chicago, IL). Differences at p < 0.05 were considered to be significant.

Helicobacter pylori infection, anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: an observational study and a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) has an estimated prevalence of 35-65% and impacts 15 to 25% of the population at some point in their lives. Studies have shown the possible involvement of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), but the relationship remains controversial.&#x0D; Objective: To quantitatively assess the association between H. pylori infection and chronic idiopathic urticaria.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was a case-control type of analytical study and 100 patients were enrolled fifty patients of CIU fulfilling inclusion criteria with no identifiable cause were taken as case and patients without urticaria were taken as control, attending in the department of Dermatology &amp; Venereology, CMH Dhaka for treatment from May 2015 to Aug 2016. Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by serum IgG for H. pylori test.&#x0D; Results: The result showed that H. pylori infection significantly affected a high percentage of patients 30 (60%) with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Male respondents were more positive 16(53.3%) than female 14(46.7%), in the middle aged 31-50 year about 18(60%) and triple drug therapy was successful in 16(53.33%) patients in whom H. pylori was detected.&#x0D; Conclusion: Urticaria is a common clinical disorder with complex triggering factors. Chronic urticaria has provided evidence that enteric infection with H. pylori may induce the disease. In this case control study, it was evident that chronic idiopathic urticaria was associated with positive serum IgG for H. Pylori. A trial of H. pylori eradication therapy may be offered to patients with CIU and evidence of H. pylori infection.&#x0D; Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 122-126

Alteration of gut microbiota in post-stroke depression patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

A reliable test is essential for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and crucial for managing H. pylori-related diseases. Serving as an excellent method for detecting H. pylori infection, histologic examination is a test that clinicians heavily rely on, especially when complemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, other diagnostic tests for H. pylori, such as the rapid urease test (CLO test) and stool antigen test (SA), are also highly sensitive and specific. Typically, the results of histology and other tests align with each other. However, on rare occasions, discrepancy between histopathology and other H. pylori diagnostic tests occurs. To investigate the discordance between histology and other H. pylori tests, the underlying causes, and the impact on clinical management. Pathology reports of gastric biopsies were retrieved spanning August 2013 and July 2018. Reports were included in the study only if there were other H. pylori tests within seven days of the biopsy. These additional tests include CLO test, SA, and H. pylori culture. Concordance between histopathology and other tests was determined based on the consistency of results. In instances where histology results were negative while other tests were positive, the slides were retrieved for re-assessment, and the clinical chart was reviewed. Of 1396 pathology reports were identified, each accompanied by one additional H. pylori test. The concordance rates in detecting H. pylori infection between biopsy and other tests did not exhibit significant differences based on the number of biopsy fragments. 117 discrepant cases were identified. Only 20 cases (9 with CLO test and 11 with SA) had negative biopsy but positive results in other tests. Four cases initially stained with Warthin-Starry turned out to be positive for H. pylori with subsequent IHC staining. Among the remaining 16 true discrepant cases, 10 patients were on proton pump inhibitors before the biopsy and/or other tests. Most patients underwent treatment, except for two who were untreated, and two patients who were lost to follow-up. There are rare discrepant cases with negative biopsy but positive in SA or CLO test. Various factors may contribute to this inconsistency. Most patients in such cases had undergone treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between colorectal polyps (CRP) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and the correlation between CRP and the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p-S6K1). Besides, its related influencing factors were determined in the present study.MethodsA total of 191 subjects who underwent colonoscopy in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected for this study. Among them, 141 patients were diagnosed with CRP, and the other 50 subjects were no significant colorectal abnormalities. 141 CRP patients were divided into H. pylori-positive group (n = 89) and H. pylori-negative group (n = 52) according to the results of the H. pylori test. The expression of p-S6K1 in CRP tissue was detected. The relationship between the p-S6K1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRP patients was analyzed. The logistic analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of CRP was performed.ResultsThere were significant differences in pathological type, site of disease, the number and size of polyps between the H. pylori negative group and the H. pylori positive group (P < 0.001, P = 0.037, P = 0.042 and P = 0.039). The percentage of the p-S6K1 positive expression in polyp tissues was higher than that in normal tissue and parapolyp tissues (P < 0.001). The p-S6K1 negative group showed significant difference in the number and pathological type of polyps and the presence or absence of a pedicle as compared with the p-S6K1 positive group (P = 0.006, P < 0.001 and P = 0.012). Logistic multifactor analysis showed that BMI, H. pylori infection, smoking history, ApoB, Lp(a) and the p-S6K1 positive expression were all risk factors for the development of CRP (P = 0.025, P = 0.020, P = 0.010, P = 0.005, P = 0.043 and P < 0.001).ConclusionH. pylori infection was closely related to the pathological type, location, and the number and size of CRP. p-S6K1 was highly expressed in CRP, and was positively related to the number, the pathological type and pedicle of polyps. H. pylori infection and the positive p-S6K1 expression were independent risk factors for CRP. By exploring the association between H. pylori infection as well as p-S6K1 and CRP, it is hoped that it will help to formulate a more rigorous colorectal cancer screening program for H. pylori-positive individuals, and at the same time find a new direction for the prevention of CRP and colorectal cancer, and provide some help for future research.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is linked to various gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). This study synthesizes evidence to determine the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of developing DM. To quantify the odds ratio (OR) of DM in individuals with H. pylori infection and explore variations across different subgroups. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Ovid, and CINHAL were searched for case-control studies from January 1990 to January 2025. Eligible studies investigated the association between H. pylori and DM. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random-effects models were utilized to calculate pooled ORs, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistic. Subgroup analyses included H. pylori detection methods, age groups, geographic regions, DM types, HbA1c levels, duration of DM, and study quality. From 280 records, 45 case-control studies were included, involving 529million diabetes cases worldwide in 2021. The pooled OR was 1.547 (95% CI: 1.243-1.926), indicating that H. pylori infection increases the risk of DM by approximately 1.56 times. Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 46.03%). Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations with non-invasive H. pylori detection methods (OR = 1.99), in the 40-60 age group (OR = 2.00), and for type 2 diabetes (OR = 2.25). Geographic variations were significant, with Asia showing the highest OR (2.17). No significant publication bias was detected, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our findings. This meta-analysis confirms a significant association between H. pylori infection and an increased risk of DM, particularly type 2. The findings underscore the potential benefits of considering H. pylori testing in diabetes management strategies, especially in high-risk populations. Further research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causality and explore biological mechanisms. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025637126).

AGA Institute Quality Measure Development for the Management of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia With Helicobacter pylori

The frequency of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in 208 patients with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms from the Southern Province of Saudi Arabia was studied prospectively. The occurrence of HP was documented histologically and using a rapid urease test in antral endoscopic biopsies. Our results showed that 82.2% of the 208 patients included were positive for HP with a male:female ratio of approximately 1:1 (88:83). The age range was 14 to 80 years and the median age was 38.2 years. The frequencies of HP infection among Saudi and non-Saudi patients were 86% and 71%, respectively. Frequencies of HP infection were 88%, 77.5%, and 93% during the second, third, and fourth decades of life. Among the 140 patients with histologically proven antral gastritis, 128 cases (91%) were positive for HP whereas 29 cases (17%) of the 171 patients positive for HP did not show histologic evidence of antral gastritis. Our data showed that HP was present in 92.5% of patients with endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulceration, 81% of patients with duodenitis, 80% of patients with both duodenitis and gastritis, 69% of patients with gastric antral erythema, and 81% of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy). Histologically proven antral gastritis was seen in 80% of patients with endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulceration, 76% of patients with antral erythema, 70% of patients with both duodenitis and gastritis, 33% of patients with duodenitis only, and 66% of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Among the 208 patients included in the study, gastric ulcerationw as only seen in two cases, both positive for HP.

The public health impact of H. pylori (HP) infection is gradually becoming evident. The bacterium is now being implicated as an etiologic agent in various gastric diseases. In developing countries, HP infection is markedly more prevalent at younger ages than in developed countries. According to the World Gastroenterology Organization, the prevalence of H. pylori in Kenya was 48% in ages between 2-4, 80% at the age of 6, and 95% in the adult population. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Pylori infection among pregnant patients attending the antenatal clinic in Garissa County, Kenya. This study utilized a cross-sectional study design to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Probability proportion to the size and a simple random technique was used to collect the data. Blood samples drawn from study participants were tested according to the standard H. pylori tests and as per the Kit manufacturers’ instructions and procedure. Information from the laboratory analysis and questionnaires were then recorded in the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants before the study data collection tools were administered. Data Collected was entered into Excel and then exported to SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe data, while Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to establish the association between the independent and dependent variables. Results show that the seroprevalence of H. pylori among sample pregnant women was 45%. Inferential analysis shows that respondents levels of education (χ2 = 10.07, df = 1, p = 0.002), parity (χ2 = 15.776, df = 3, p = 0.001) and type of toilet (χ2 (10.415(3), p = 0.015) was associated with the prevalence of H. pylori at bivariate level. Logistic regression analysis establishes that having a higher level of education (A.O.R = 2.483, p = 0.023, living in urban areas (A.O.R = 0.274, p = 0.014), being in casual employment A.O.R = 0.208 p = 0.024), having more than four children (A.O.R = 7.971, p = 0.006) and sharing of beds (A.O.R = 0.034, p = 0.0001) were predictors of H. pylori infection. This study concludes that about half of the study participants had H. pylori infection and socio-demographic and environmental conditions contribute to the prevalence. There is a need to sensitize pregnant women on the cause and prevention of H. pylori. Also, maintaining proper environmental and sanitation hygiene will aid in reducing transmission

Many researchers have reported the inverse relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma risk, but very few studies have examined the association between H. pylori infection and the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and ESCC risk. Subjects were cancer cases, pathologically proven to have ESCC, in two large medical centers in Kaohsiung metropolitan of southern Taiwan between August 2000 and May 2003. Controls were from the healthy subjects who lived in Kaohsiung metropolitan and voluntarily participated in one large multiyear of gene-environmental study. In total, 127 cases (116 males and 11 females) and 171 controls (161 males and 10 females) were recruited in the same period of time for interviews. H. pylori seropositivity was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay measuring IgG. A total of 28 (22.1%) and 74 (43.3%) out of 127 cases and 171 controls, respectively, had positive H. pylori infection. After adjusting for other covariates, subjects with positive H. pylori infections had a significantly reduced risk (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27-0.96; p= 0.037) of developing ESCC than those without. This result was even more pronounced in the groups of younger subjects, nonsmokers, or nondrinkers. In addition, among the 117 cancer patients who provided information about site of cancer lesion, the present study found that subjects with cancer lesions in the lower third of the esophagus had significantly fewer positive H. pylori infections (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.14-0.80; p= 0.013) than controls. Our findings suggest that H. pylori infection may protect against the development of ESCC. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

The Prevalence of Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer and Changing Trend of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter Pylori Infection Between 10 Years in Korea