Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum (H.pullorum) commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of poultry causing gastroenteritis. The bacterium may be transmitted to humans through contaminated meat where it has been associated with colitis and hepatitis. Despite the high prevalence of H. pullorum observed in poultry, little is known about the mechanisms by which this bacterium establishes infection in host and its virulence determinants. In this article we aim to provide an overview of this emerging zoonotic pathogen; its general characteristics, hosts, prevalence, and transmission as well as its pathogenic potential. We also discuss possible control strategies and risk of disease emergence.
Highlights
Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) was first discovered by Stanley in 1994
H. pullorum two-component system (TCS) is composed of an AmtB ammonium transporter and a PII protein consisting of the HPMG439 and its cognate histidine kinase (HK) HPMG440 (Bauer et al, 2013)
Gall bladder epithelial cells, and colon epithelial cells infected with H. pullorum, showed increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and MMP-9 compared to uninfected controls in a bacterial dose dependent manner
Summary
Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) was first discovered by Stanley in 1994. He reported Campylobacter-like organisms in the liver, duodenum and caecum of chickens, as well as humans suffering from gastroenteritis. Due to its unique DNA homology and total protein electrophoretic patterns, it was classified as a novel species belonging to the Helicobacter genus (Stanley et al, 1994). The bacterium is an important member of the enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) which predominantly colonize the intestine and the hepatobiliary system of the host (Hameed and Sender, 2011). In the following review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of H. pullorum prevalence, its associated pathology as well as reported virulence and antibiotic resistance mechanisms
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