Heat Transmission in Surface Condensers

Abstract

The paper deals with the resistance to heat flow on the steam side of surface condenser tubes, and begins with a brief reference to theoretical and experimental work on the subject. The separation of the total resistance from steam to water into its component resistances and the estimation of the resistance from steam to tube by the remainder method is then discussed, an example of the procedure used by the author in the preparation of the paper being given in Appendix I. The probable factors in the conditions of operation which produce the variations observed in apparent resistance to heat flow from steam to tubes, as estimated by the remainder method from the results of condenser tests, are then considered. The validity of the assumptions made with regard to these factors is tested by a re-examination of the results of four well-known condenser tests in which the amount of air leakage was recorded. The conclusions and observations to which this examination would appear to give rise are then stated. An alphabetical list of references is given in Appendix II.