Abstract
Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria perform immunomodulatory functions and are advantageous as probiotics, considering their long product shelf-life, easy storage, and convenient transportation. In this study, we aimed to develop appropriate heat treatments for industrial preparation of probiotics with antioxidant activity. Among 75 heat-killed strains, Lactococcus lactis MG5125 revealed the highest nitric oxide inhibition (86.2%), followed by Lactobacillus acidophilus MG4559 (86.0%), Lactobacillus plantarum MG5270 (85.7%), Lactobacillus fermentum MG4510 (85.3%), L. plantarum MG5239 (83.9%), L. plantarum MG5289 (83.2%), and L. plantarum MG5203 (81.8%). Moreover, the heat-killed selected strains markedly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The use of heat-killed bacteria with intact bio-functionality can elongate the shelf-life and simplify the food processing steps of probiotic foods, given their high stability. The antioxidant and immune-modulatory activities of the heat-killed strains selected in this study indicate a strong potential for their utilization probiotic products manufacturing.
Highlights
Probiotics are defined as “living microorganisms that provide health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition” when consumed in appropriate quantities [1, 2]
According to the results of the nitric oxide (NO) assay, the probiotic strains revealed a wide range of NO production inhibition rates (Table 2)
This result indicated that bacterial strains would have different functional properties, even if they belong to the same species
Summary
Probiotics are defined as “living microorganisms that provide health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition” when consumed in appropriate quantities [1, 2]. The beneficial effects of probiotics include prevention and treatment of diarrhea, systemic infections, inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, allergies, cancers, and cholesterolemia [3,4,5]. Functional food products containing probiotics have several therapeutic benefits including anticancer, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects [6, 7]. Inflammation is a complex response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, and stimulants. It is mediated by various signaling molecules produced by macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells.
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