Abstract
The numerical results for secondary flow patterns and heat transfer distribution in a two-pass, square duct with a 180-deg sharp turn are presented to examine the effects of three different turning configurations: 1) straight-corner turn, 2) rounded-corner turn, and 3) circular turn. The simulation employs a nonstaggered grid, pressure-based, finite difference method and solves for three-dimensional transport equations in curvilinear coordinates. Modeling of turbulence uses an extended version of k-? model. The computed results reveal that secondary flow in the post-turn region displays combined features of a bend-induced, Dean-type circulation and a form-induced separation behind the partition wall. The detailed flow structure as well as its effect on the local heat transfer varies significantly with different turn configurations. At the turn, the straight-corner case has the strongest turn-induced heat transfer enhancement, while the circular turn has the weakest. In the post-turn region heat transfer with circular turn surpasses those of the other two configurations by almost the same difference in the turning region. Average heat transfer results from the present numerical modeling agree favorably with experimental data.
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