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Abstract
As a basis for energy management in apartment blocks, this paper characterises heat use in a large housing cooperative in Norway, with in total 1,058 apartments. Heat measurements with hourly resolution are available from 20 heating substations. Average specific heat delivery is 139 kWh per heated floor area. A linear regression model is described, modelling specific heat delivered to the apartments. Models are also used for separating heat to domestic hot water (DHW) from the total heat delivery, with a modelled DHW heat delivery of 34 kWh/m2. Daily heat load profiles are presented, for delivered heat during weekdays and holidays in the annual seasons. The study shows a potential for shifting heat loads in time on a neighbourhood level.
Highlights
In zero emission neighbourhoods, thermal and electric energy should be managed in a flexible way [1], to achieve reduced power peaks, reduced energy use, reduced CO2-emissions and increased selfconsumption of locally produced energy
Model A and B-8 are used for domestic hot water (DHW) estimation, where model A is for Risvollan while model B-8 is for Heating substation (SUB)-8 only
The study shows a potential for shifting heat loads in time, on a SUB or neighbourhood level
Summary
Thermal and electric energy should be managed in a flexible way [1], to achieve reduced power peaks, reduced energy use, reduced CO2-emissions and increased selfconsumption of locally produced energy. As a basis for energy management in apartment blocks, this paper characterises heat use in a large housing cooperative in Trondheim, Norway, built in the 1970s. In Risvollan housing cooperative, there are 1,058 apartments with in total 93,713 m2 heated floor area, distributed on 121 similar apartment blocks. DH is distributed to 20 heating substations (SUBs) through three distribution lines (DL), with a supply set point temperature of 76°C all year. The DHW set point temperature is 60°C. The temperature in the space heating system can be changed on SUB-level, by changing the outdoor temperature compensation curves in the SD-system.
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