Abstract
The purpose of the work is a territorial comparison of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in preschool children living in urban and rural areas of the Murmansk region. Methods. 248 children aged 3-7 years were investigated in three districts of the Murmansk region. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was carried out using the hardware-software complex «Omega-M». The data are presented by indicators of descriptive nonparametric statistics (median and as a measure of the percentile span (25-75)), rank analysis of differences between variables (U-test, Mann-Whitney). Comparison of independent samples was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. The differences between the variables were considered significant at a value of p≤0.05. Results. HRV data, when compared by age, significantly differ in groups of 3-4 and 5-7 years. Heart rate indices (U=2871.5, p<0.001) are lower in the 5 –year-old group with high temporal indices of RMSSD (U=3446.0, p<0.001), and SDNN (U=3615.0, p<0.001). The data of temporal and spectral analysis, when compared by sex, significantly differ, in 4-year-old boys TR, ms² U=265.5 (p<0.019), RMSSD U=258.0 (p<0.014) and pNN50 (%) U=268.5 (p<0.02) higher, girls HF, % U=271.0 (p<0.02) in the total power spectrum (TP), SI U=278.0 (p<0.03) lower with a high contribution of second-order waves VLF, % U=262.0 (p<0.016). At the age of 6 years, the trend is reversed; in girls, the indicators of TR, ms (U=100.0, p<0.03), RMSSD (U=97.0, p<0.024) and pNN50 (%) (U=102.0, p<0.035) are higher. When comparing HRV indicators, depending on the place of residence, there are high temporal indicators of RMSSD (U=115.0 p<0.038) and SDNN (U=88.0 p<0.012) among residents of the city. Conclusions. The HRV indices in most of the children under study reflect the age-related characteristics of the cardiac stimulating and vasoconstrictor centers of the medulla oblongata, with the predominance of the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Some children aged 3-5 and 7 years have low indicators of the body’s functional capabilities. At the same time, children of the Kola Peninsula living in rural areas have reduced time indicators of HRV, the total power spectrum and its respiratory component.
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