Hearing Thresholds in Young Children With Otitis Media With Effusion With and Without Cleft Palate.

Abstract

To investigate hearing thresholds in children born with cleft palate and in children with otitis media with effusion but no cleft palate. Prospective longitudinal group comparison study. University hospital. Sixteen children born with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) and 15 age-matched children with otitis media with effusion (OME) but without cleft. Hearing was tested at repeated occasions beginning with neonatal auditory brainstem response (ABR) at 1-4 months of age, and age-appropriate hearing tests from 9 to 36 months of age. The median ABR thresholds in both groups were elevated but did not differ significantly. At 12 months of age, the median 4 frequency averages at 500-1000-2000-4000 Hz (4FA) were indicative of mild hearing loss but significantly better in the CP±L-group than in the group without cleft (P < .01). There were no significant group-wise differences regarding the median 4FA at 24 and 36 months of age, and at 36 months, the median 4FA were normal in both groups. Both groups exhibited a significant improvement over time from the neonatal ABR thresholds to the 4FA at 36 months (CP±L-group P < .05; without CP±L-group P < .01). The hearing loss in children with CP±L was not more severe than among children with OME but without cleft palate; rather, at 12 months of age, the thresholds were significantly better in the CP±L-group than those in the group without cleft. The air conduction thresholds improved with age in both groups.