Healthcare Utilization Among Patients with Advanced Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis

Abstract

Introduction Information on health service use in advanced systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare hematologic disease, is outdated and non-specific, in part because there was no ICD-10 code for AL amyloidosis when prior studies were conducted. While there is now an ICD-10 code for AL amyloidosis, healthcare claims datasets do not include lab results and therefore lack Mayo stage (disease severity). Given the limitations of prior real-world studies, we used a validated consensus method to estimate healthcare utilization in patients with advanced AL amyloidosis during different phases of treatment. Methods We used a RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panel method to estimate healthcare utilization in patients with AL amyloidosis including those with advanced stage disease. We defined advanced patients in two ways: Mayo stage 3 or 4 during first-line therapy or those with signs of cardiac involvement (i.e., elevated troponin and/or NT-proBNP) after completing first-line therapy. We conducted the following steps: 1) expert panelists (9 hematologists, 2 cardiologists, 1 patient advocate) with a median 15 years' experience treating and/or managing AL amyloidosis were provided a systematic literature review on utilization in AL amyloidosis; 2) panelists independently estimated utilization (inpatient, outpatient, testing, chemotherapy, procedures) during two treatment phases (the 1-year period after starting first-line therapy and the 1-year period after completing first-line therapy) among advanced patients with varied hematologic treatment response (complete or very good partial response [CR/VGPR], partial or no response); 3) we discussed areas of disagreement during a moderated meeting; 4) panelists completed ratings independently a second time following this discussion. Results During the 1-year period after starting first-line therapy, 1-5% of patients with advanced AL amyloidosis were expected to be treated with a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Half (45-55%) were expected to have ≥1 hospital admission and 28-38% were expected to have ≥2 hospital admissions, depending on the presence of non-cardiac symptomatic organ involvement. Patients were also expected to have high rates of other utilization in the year after starting first-line therapy: ~25% would receive a bone marrow biopsy, 12-15% would receive a cardiac pacemaker placed, and up to 7% would begin chronic dialysis. In the year after completing first-line therapy, 10% with a CR/VGPR and 15-20% with partial or no response were expected to have ≥2 hospital admissions. High rates of other utilization were expected to continue, especially for advanced patients with partial or no response (50% would receive a bone marrow biopsy and up to 10% would receive a cardiac pacemaker or begin chronic dialysis). Conclusions A diverse panel of experts, guided by a review of the literature and clinical experience, used the modified Delphi panel method to estimate healthcare utilization in patients with advanced AL amyloidosis at different points in the disease course. During the year after starting first-line therapy, advanced patients were expected to have high rates of hospitalization (traditionally the most expensive type of healthcare utilization), were not considered to be good candidates for HSCTs and had high rates of other utilization. Utilization remained high in advanced patients after completing first-line therapy especially for those with partial or no response. The development of new treatment options that can induce CR/VGPR and facilitate organ recovery or improve function may lead to decreased utilization.