Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer: Results From a Prospective, Real-World Data Study With Brazilian Patients Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Conformal and Conventional Radiation Techniques

Abstract

To compare global health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck cancer treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) or conventional radiation therapy (2DRT). In this real-world, multi-institutional and prospective study, HRQoL outcomes were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-life Questionnaire Head and Neck 43 (H&N43) questionnaires. Item response theory was used to generate a global HRQoL score, based on the 71 questions from both forms. The effect of treatment modality on HRQoL was studied using multivariate regression analyses. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meyer method, and groups were compared by the log-rank test. Five hundred and seventy patients from 13 institutions were included. Median follow-up was 12.2 months. Concerning the radiation technique, 29.5% of the patients were treated with 2DRT, 43.7% received 3DCRT, and 26.8% were treated with IMRT. A higher proportion of patients receiving 2DRT had a treatment interruption of more than 5 days (69% vs 50.2% for 3DCRT and 42.5% for IMRT). IMRT had a statistically significant positive effect on HRQoL compared with 3DCRT (β= 2.627, standard error = 0.804, P = .001) and 2DRT had a statistically significant negative effect compared with 3DCRT (β= -5.075, standard error = 0.926, P < .001). Patients receiving 2DRT presented a worse OS (P = .01). There were no differences in OS when IMRT was compared with 3DCRT. IMRT provided better HRQoL than 3DCRT, which provided better HRQoL than 2DRT. Patients receiving 2DRT presented a worse OS, which might be related to more frequent treatment interruptions.