Abstract
The environmental impact assessment methodology usually adopted for assessing the effect of air pollution on human health is as follows: (a) identify the air pollutants emitted, (b) model the air pollution concentrations impacting upon people, (c) compare these concentrations with public health standards, and (d) assess the likely costs of this air pollution to the community. In practice only steps (a) to (c) are attempted. There is no assurance that the most recent scientific information will be used, and even if it were, it might be used as an excuse not to adopt the best control strategy or technology, even though economically viable. A better approach would be to compare the various costs, benefits, and pollution consequences for all economically viable scenarios for the proposed development. The final decision-making process can then focus on acceptable levels of risk. Also, economic incentives such as emission taxes could be used to encourage the upgrading of control technology after the development has been finished.
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