Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment; it is part of the Earth’s crust, is contained in water, accumulates in plants, and is present in organisms
Antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically using four methods based on different principles (DPPH, ABTS+, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), FR) and the total polyphenolic compounds were determined with the Folin–Ciocalteu method
Grape seed extracts are known to protect tissues against oxidative stress-related damage caused by the toxic heavy metal cadmium
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment; it is part of the Earth’s crust, is contained in water, accumulates in plants, and is present in organisms. Cadmium is a dangerous toxic metal that causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Cd causes the disintegration of red blood cells [4], accumulates in the organism—especially in the liver and kidneys—and, due to its similarity to zinc, which is an essential element, it enters enzymatic reactions and participates in biochemical processes [5]. It is excreted only very slowly and with difficulty from the organism [6]
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