Harnessing the potential of fruit processing industrial waste for circular economy: a comprehensive review.

Many industries use synthetic rubber for various industrial purposes; thus, disposal of synthetic waste rubber into the environment causes huge environmental problems. A feasibility study to convert synthetic Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) waste into valuable products using batch-type slow pyrolysis will benefit small- to medium-scale industries in their waste handling. The main objective of this research was to find sustainable waste management and energy solutions for synthetic NBR waste using pyrolysis technology. This study employed a two-phase experimental approach where the first five preliminary experiments were conducted to assess the thermal decomposition behavior of NBR waste. In the second phase, three experiments were conducted to quantify the yields of pyrolysis products: pyrolysis oil, solid char, and syngas. The results reveal that the weight distribution of pyrolysis oil, solid char, and syngas was 39.00%, 42.91%, and 18.09%, respectively. Moreover, density, heating value, flash point, and viscosity were analyzed to investigate the quality of the pyrolysis oil, where it was found to be 972.50 kg/m3, 42.50 MJ/kg, 36.50 °C, and 25.44 cP, respectively. Analysis of the syngas composition revealed that carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, oxygen, and CnHm were 14.14%, 5.04%, 18.69%, 11.08%, 0.02%, and 10.00%, respectively. The heating value of syngas was 3873.70 Kcal/m3. The carbon footprint analysis indicated that a significant reduction is possible in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional incineration. Additionally, a cost benefit analysis highlighted the superior cost effectiveness of pyrolysis over incineration of NBR waste. These findings underscore the potential of pyrolysis as an effective tool for sustainable waste management and energy recovery solutions.

Agricultural waste management is crucial for agriculture-based economies like India, generating approximately 500 million tons of agricultural residue annually. The agriculture sector is the second largest contributor to India's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with a share of 13.72 % compared to global average of 11 %. Furthermore, the agriculture sector is not only strained to secure food production for growing population but also expected to minimize GHG emissions. Intensive farming, while more productive and efficient, poses a threat to the environment due to accumulation of large quantities of agricultural residue. Nevertheless, the sustainable conversion of agricultural residue could offer twin benefits: energy generation and resource recovery. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sustainable agricultural waste management practices, challenges, and the role of policy interventions in shaping its future. Agricultural residues have shown potential for value added products and energy feedstocks. Valorization techniques offer sustainable agricultural waste management solutions while recovering energy and promoting the circular economy. This study further explored the recovery of building materials including insulating materials, roofing components, additives, and secondary cementitious materials from agricultural residues. Currently, agricultural residue in India is primarily utilized to produce biofuels with installed plant capacity of 5 million tons, and solid biofuel. Nevertheless, techno-economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and governance challenges still need to be addressed to ensure the sustainable management of surplus agricultural residue through emerging techniques. The goal of this study is to promote integration of academic, scientific, and industrial development while strengthening the circular economy, particularly in agriculture-based economies. • Critical analysis of agricultural waste management practices in India. • Explored emerging valorization techniques for agricultural waste conversion. • Identified key challenges associated with the effective agricultural waste management. • Life Cycle Assessment on agricultural waste valorization practices in India. • Recommendation on future research directions and policy interventions.

Sustainable solutions for solid waste management in Southeast Asian countries

Fuel flexible gasification with an advanced 100 kW dual fluidized bed steam gasification pilot plant

Bio-resources, particularly non-fossil biogenic materials, offer sustainable energy production, waste management, and soil enrichment solutions. Biogas technology, leveraging anaerobic digestion (AD), transforms diverse organic wastes into methane, an eco-friendly energy source. This review highlights the potential of bio-fertilizer and biogas production from various waste types, including animal, plant, sewage sludge, and agricultural residues. Animal waste, mainly cow dung and poultry droppings, is an effective substrate for biogas production, with co-digestion methods enhancing yield and efficiency. It also revealed that blending poultry droppings with banana peels or cow manure with delignified spent coffee grounds optimizes the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, improving biogas and bio-fertilizer yields. Plant waste, such as water hyacinth and Ulva sp. seaweed, also shows promise when co-digested with animal waste. The review further noted that adding biochar to plant waste significantly enhances biogas production and improves the nutritional value of spent slurry, making it suitable as a bio-fertilizer. Chemical pretreatments of agricultural residues like wheat straw further ensured increased biogas yield and improved the biomethane production kinetic. This review observed that sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants significantly boosts biogas production, particularly when co-digested with food waste. Adjusting optimal mixing ratios and mechanical mixing techniques enhanced biogas yield and energy potential, while the resulting digestate meets regulatory standards for use as a soil conditioner. This review underscores the economic and environmental benefits of optimizing biogas and bio-fertilizer production, particularly in regions like Nigeria, where such practices can address challenges in electricity generation, fertilizer costs, and waste management.

Biodigester systems have recently drawn attention as an innovative and long-term solution to food waste since they use organic waste to produce biogas and bio-fertilisers rather than dump food waste in landfills. Food waste is a worldwide problem that negatively impacts on the environment, society, and economy. Therefore, implementing a biodigester system will reduce food waste issues. The conversion of food waste to biogas has high potential as a sustainable waste management solution. This study aims to establish a deeper understanding of implementing a biodigester system by identifying the factors to consider when implementing a biodigester system and analysing the associated costs. This study utilises three case studies of three (3) biodigester systems in Klang Valley that three (3) local authorities have implemented, as well as semi-structured interviews with assistant directors from the local authorities. As for the outcome, the feedstock supply is the factor to consider when implementing a biodigester system, and its cost ranges from RM 200,000.00 to RM 450,000.00. The output of the study can be deployed as a lead to boost its implementation and improvement in the future.

Waste management is a major challenge in the city of Bandung due to the increasing volume of domestic waste and rapid urbanization. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is through a community-based waste bank program which aims to reduce the amount of waste and provide economic benefits for residents. This study aims to analyze the waste bank optimization model in increasing the effectiveness of sustainable waste management and its impact on the socio-economic welfare of the community. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data was collected through in-depth interviews with three waste bank managers in the city of Bandung. The results of the study show that the main obstacles in the management of waste banks include limited funding, low community participation, and lack of supportive regulations. Therefore, the proposed optimization model includes three main strategies: diversification of funding sources through partnerships with the private sector and economic incentives for the community, increasing the capacity of human resources in the operational management of waste banks, and strengthening policies and government support in the provision of clearer infrastructure and regulations. By implementing this strategy, the waste bank can further contribute to sustainable waste management and improve the socio-economic welfare of the community in the city of Bandung. .

ABSTRACTThe conversion of agricultural waste into organic fertilizer through vermicomposting is a sustainable waste management solution and an income source for organic fertilizer producers. Most of the agricultural waste in Iran is burned, triggering an array of negative consequences. Vermicompost production at the farm level is rarely practiced in Iran, and farmers play a central role. The study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of on-farm vermicomposting and its level (number of cycles), barriers to it, and to provide adapted policy recommendations. The study used a mixed-method approach, with a survey on 142 farmers and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. The study showed that attitude (β = 0.515, sig. = 0.01), subjective norms (β = 1.745, sig. = 0.01), vermicomposting training (β = 2.160, sig. = 0.01), safe spraying (β = 2.915, sig. = 0.01), and integrated pest management (β = 1.793, sig. = 0.01) influenced the participation in vermicomposting. Some of the barriers to vermicomposting revealed by the qualitative research were the initial investment cost, farmers’ short-term vision, lack of necessary infrastructure, and lack of subsidies. The study complements the scant information on farmers’ vermicomposting behavior and proves that its understanding is essential to remove barriers and engage farmers in vermicomposting. Practical recommendations based on findings support sustainable agricultural waste management.

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of tailored waste management strategies in developing countries, drawing lessons from both successful models in similar economies and advanced practices in developed countries. By examining case studies like Teocelo, Veracruz in Mexico, and analyzing the ambitious waste management targets of the European Union, this study proposes a hybrid approach that integrates community-based strategies, formal and informal sector collaboration, and customized regional policies. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this research seeks to test propositions related to the adaptation of waste management strategies, the role of community engagement, and the potential for developing countries to leapfrog to sustainable waste management practices by learning from developed nations. The goal is to identify scalable and sustainable waste management practices that can address the unique challenges faced by developing countries, while also contributing to global environmental goals. This research contributes to the literature by offering a nuanced understanding of how developing countries can navigate the complexities of waste management by adopting, adapting, and innovating practices suited to their socio-economic and environmental contexts. By bridging the gap between the advanced waste management systems of developed countries and the emerging practices in developing nations, this study aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, environmental managers, and community leaders working towards sustainable waste management solutions.

Overflowing garbage bins and unnecessary truck visits to collect waste have always been core issues of sustainability and maintaining a green environment. In the recent past, a transition has been observed in waste management towards a better environment and the achievement of sustainability goals. Companies are not only focused on producing less but also transforming waste into energy and reusable products. This transition process needs to evolve through sustainable solutions and innovative marketing initiatives that increase awareness and education among end users. This study used a systematic literature review protocol to identify and review the available research on sustainable waste-management solutions, innovative marketing initiatives, and a proposed conceptual model. It analyzed the latest literature from 1976 to 2022 to assess waste-management trends using the Web of Sciences and Scopus databases. To evaluate the practical perspective, this study analyzed ten waste-management companies offering services in the USA, the UK, Korea, Finland, Ireland, Turkey, Brazil, Slovakia, Portugal, Denmark, and Canada to assess their technological and marketing development for the creation of a better future. It was found that Ecube, Enevo, smart bins, Compology, Bigbelly, Sensoneo, Citibrain, ACO recycling, Evrek, Rico, and BrighterBins focus more on technology and less on user awareness and marketing. There is minimal focus on education and empowerment of end users. Our study’s findings guide academics, practitioners, and policymakers to apply ambidextrousness in energy innovation, particularly in the waste-management sector. By implementing sustainable and innovative solutions, companies can not only reduce waste products, but they can also recover, recycle, and better dispose of the waste. However, to do so, companies also need to educate end users.

This research examines the innovative and sustainable management of waste from layer chicken farms carried out in Kendalrejo Village, Srengat District, Blitar Regency. The aim is to provide effective solutions to address the environmental impact of poultry farming activities. The method used was field research with purposive sampling technique, collecting primary and secondary data through observation and interviews, as well as qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the creation of catfish ponds under the chicken coops is an environmentally friendly and economically profitable solution. Chicken manure is utilized as feed for catfish, while collaboration with fishing pond entrepreneurs opens up new business opportunities. This initiative was supported by the local community and the Regional Management Agency, accelerating the recovery of environmental conditions, and strengthening social relations between the community and farm managers. This research contributes to increasing literacy and inspiration for farm owners by providing information on creating catfish ponds as an effective and sustainable waste management solution.

The issue of waste in the Telaga Ngebel tourism area remains a complex problem. A waste bank, as a sustainable waste management solution, has the potential to create economic value. This sustainable waste management can be formulated through a business model called the Triple Layer Business Model Canvas (TLBMC). This research aims to identify waste management through a waste bank and describe the business model using the TLBMC concept. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. The primary data used was obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the TLBMC. The results show that the waste bank program is suitable to be implemented in the Telaga Ngebel water tourism area. A comprehensive framework regarding the activities, resources, and relevant stakeholders needed to run the waste bank program in Telaga Ngebel, Ponorogo, has been obtained.

The current research work emphasizes the urgent need for a paradigm shift in Mediterranean tourism, advocating for the adoption of a comprehensive framework centered on sustainability in Tunisia. The establishment of an Inter-Ministerial Task Force is proposed to facilitate collaboration across governmental sectors, thereby enhancing governance and addressing the complexities of waste management within the tourism industry. Results reveal significant waste management inefficiencies and underscore the potential of integrated approaches that can lead to substantial environmental improvements. By fostering inter-ministerial collaboration, a strategic roadmap is provided that promotes effective resource recovery and sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, the integration of the informal sector, exemplified by local recyclers, into formal waste management systems is anticipated to enhance social equity and bolster environmental stewardship. A comprehensive SWOT analysis identifies Tunisia’s intrinsic strengths, including its rich cultural heritage and significant eco-tourism potential, while simultaneously exposing shortcomings such as fragmented governance structures and insufficient infrastructure. It is posited that the creation of a centralized coordination body, coupled with the enhancement of public–private partnerships, could catalyze innovation in sustainable tourism practices, leading to increased investment opportunities and the successful implementation of circular economy principles. Drawing inspiration from Spain’s successful circular economy model, actionable recommendations for policymakers are offered, including the introduction of eco-certification programs aimed at incentivizing environmentally responsible practices within the tourism sector. Ultimately, the proposed framework aspires to position Tunisia as a regional leader in sustainable tourism, delivering long-term benefits to local communities through enhanced environmental protection and economic resilience.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies holds immense potential for revolutionizing waste management systems in underserved communities across the United States. This concept paper explores the feasibility, benefits, challenges, and implications of implementing AI-driven waste management systems in these communities. By leveraging AI capabilities such as predictive analytics, optimization algorithms, and IoT sensors, innovative solutions can be developed to enhance waste collection, recycling efficiency, and environmental sustainability. However, successful implementation requires careful consideration of socioeconomic factors, community engagement, privacy concerns, and infrastructure limitations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and considerations associated with deploying AI-driven waste management systems in underserved communities, ultimately striving to promote equitable access to efficient and sustainable waste management solutions. This concept paper provides a comprehensive framework for implementing AI-driven waste management systems in underserved communities in the USA. It examines various aspects including socioeconomic considerations, community engagement, privacy concerns, infrastructure requirements, policy frameworks, financing options, and sustainability measures. Through careful planning, collaboration, and innovation, AI technologies can be harnessed to address the unique challenges faced by underserved communities, ultimately leading to more efficient, equitable, and sustainable waste management practices.
 Keywords: AI, Community, Waste, USA.

The purpose of this study was to assess abattoir waste generation in Hawassa Municipality Abattoir (HMA) andits potential to produce biogas and bio-fertilizer employing a cross-sectional design and mathematical computation based on standard coefficients. The study demonstrated that HMA generates 885,881.6Kg of abattoir waste per year and using anaerobic digestion about 46,951.72m 3 /year of biogas can be produced. This waste has the potential of generating a total energy of 246,027.01KWh/year. The biogas or energy from the waste can replace the biomass (firewood and charcoal) and the expensive fossil fuels. Using the produced46, 951.72m 3 /year biogas could reduce the annual CO 2 emission of 150,600.10Kg/kWh from kerosene, 150,600.10Kg/kWh from petrol, 132,882.50Kg/kWh from diesel or 132,882.50Kg/kWh from LPG use. The abattoir will be able to produce an estimated 65,112.3 Kg/year dry bio-fertilizer from biogas technology and this bio-fertilizer can be supplied to local farmers for crop production or can be used by city municipality for growing plants used for beautification. This obtainable bio- fertilizer is valued 29,951.66 USDper annum and to a certain extent will contribute to the reduction of domestic demand of chemical fertilizer thus will reduce the annual budget. As a long-term and sustainable waste management solution, installing anaerobic digestion plant is recommended, but using proper disposal method among the existing would serve as a short-term solution. Keywords: - Abattoir, Bio-fertilizer, Biogas, Energy, Hawassa, Waste