Harnessing E-Collaboration for Rural Tourism Recovery after COVID-19: Dual Analysis using SWOT and Porter’s Diamond Model

后疫情时期中国乡村旅游的挣扎与复苏：基于制度分析与发展（IAD）的视角研究目的新冠疫情（COVID-19）对旅游业，尤其是乡村旅游产生了极大影响。本文旨在探究乡村旅游从业者如何摆脱疫情危机。研究通过分析疫情带来的影响及各利益相关者的反应，梳理旅游从业者的行为，探究乡村旅游未来的发展。研究指出了促进乡村旅游复苏的关键因素。研究设计/方法/途径基于制度分析与发展（IAD）理论框架，本文选取中国境内6个乡村旅游目的地作为研究对象。采用解释学七大基本原则和归纳式研究方法，通过对深度访谈和政府工作报告获得的文本进行分析，提取出“一阶编码、二阶编码、聚合维度”。研究结果研究提取44个一阶编码和14个二阶编码，最终得到7个聚合维度，包括政策制定与实施、整合营销能力提升、旅游产品质量提升、乡村旅游发展制约因素、保护和优化环境资源、实施产业整合战略和提高管理协调能力。疫情期间，政府、企业和协会作为乡村旅游的服务提供者，可以通过制定政策、改善产品、加强营销，优化乡村旅游的环境资源和产业资源，推动乡村旅游产业融合，为游客提供更好的产品和服务。研究原创性/价值本文利用IAD框架研究乡村旅游在疫情中的复苏。研究发现，乡村旅游的快速复苏是集体行动的结果。建立乡村旅游集体行动机制的核心是共识机制、共建机制和共享机制。本文通过研究乡村旅游社区集体行动的路径和可能性，探索乡村旅游多中心治理的途径，促进乡村旅游复苏。

Rural tourism has emerged as a significant option to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life in the new era. Evaluating the competitiveness of the rural tourism industry plays a crucial role in promoting rural revitalization. This article is based on a modified Porter’s diamond model. This study focuses on representative rural tourism demonstration areas in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, specifically Wenjiang District in Chengdu, Huangpi District in Wuhan, and Jiangning District in Nanjing. The Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were employed to construct a competitiveness evaluation index system for rural tourism and to assign weights. This article evaluates and compares the competitiveness of the rural tourism industry in the case study regions. This research reveals that the competitiveness of the rural tourism industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits a pattern of strong competitiveness in the middle reaches, weaker competitiveness in the upper reaches, and moderate competitiveness in the lower reaches. These differences are significantly influenced by the region’s tourism resource endowments, tourism infrastructure, and market scale. Huangpi District demonstrates strong competitiveness in its rural tourism industry. This strength is attributed to its well-developed rural tourism supply system. Jiangning District has moderate competitiveness in its rural tourism industry. This is supported by a strong market demand and a relatively complete tourism support system. Wenjiang District shows weaker competitiveness in its rural tourism industry. This weakness results from a fragile rural tourism supply system and a sluggish market demand. This article concludes with recommendations for enhancing the competitiveness of rural tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The article proves that modern globalization challenges create unique opportunities for the recovery of rural green tourism, outlining the prospects for its attribution to strategically important sectors of the national economy on the grounds of priority, resilience and responsibility. However, achieving such results is impossible without appropriate organizational and economic provision for the development of infrastructure of enterprises of rural green tourism, where the State-based levers and instruments play a special role, because due to the sudden, unprecedented drop in demand, the travel and tourism sector will require, first of all, financial incentives with regard to support and recovery. The article is aimed at determine the potential for the recovery of green rural tourism in the conditions of COVID-19 as an instrument for the renovation of the agrarian economy. It is specified that the development of normative and legal provision for the activation of economic activity in the sphere of rural green tourism is a basic condition for the formation of a legal framework for the development of this type of tourism and attraction of investments in this industry. The main determinants of infrastructure development of rural green tourism in Ukraine have been identified and priority measures for the development of rural green and gastronomic tourism in rural areas for the future period are proposed. According to the authors, the active development of rural green tourism in Ukraine necessitates the following: carrying out an analysis of the current system of railway communication between cities and adjusting it to the tourist map of the country; increasing the level of responsibility of carriers for their activities and create conditions for safe passage through the territory; to carry out repairs not only of nationally important roads, but to maintain local roads in good condition as well; improving the quality of road infrastructure, with a focus on placing the appropriate identifying signs for both historical tourist sites and objects of rural green tourism; increasing the efficiency of the State regulation in this sphere. Prospects for further research are to determine the feasibility of implementing the world experience of recovering the tourism industry, particularly rural green tourism.


 
 
 This study is carried out in Nglinggo rural tourism destination located in Pagerharjo village, Samigaluh sub-district, Kulon Progo regency in Yogyakarta. This research is aimed at revealing the application CBT principles implemented in the management of the rural tourism attraction as well as finding supporting factors and obstacles on the application of the CBT principles. This study also traces why such factors and obstacles occur. This research applies both qualitative and quantitative techniques in obtaining primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected by questionnaires, in- depth interview and observation, while the secondary data is obtained mainly from local authority’s website of Office of Tourism of Kulon Progo Regency.This study suggests that local people are aware on the importance of involvement in managing their village as an attraction. Meanwhile, supporting factors of the application of CBT principles are natural resources, local people cohesion, contribution to local people, local community involvement, existence of supporting institution, management commitment, and local authority’s support. On the other hand, obstacle found in the application of the CBT principles are education and people readiness.
 
 

Cameroon's rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems in Africa, harbouring a wealth of flora and fauna. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse and ecologically important ecosystems on the planet, providing critical ecosystem services and supporting the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide. Bakossi National Park is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including many endangered and threatened species. The park's rainforest resources are vital not only for biodiversity conservation but also for supporting the livelihoods of the local communities who have depended on these resources for generations. This study examines the role of local community engagement and participation in the conservation of the national park's rainforest resources. Besides their engagement, the study also examines the role of local community participation in the conservation of rainforest resources, specifically the mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts within Bakossi National Park. The research employed a mixed-method approach, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, to gather data from local community members, park management authorities, and other key stakeholders. The results of this study revealed that local community involvement in human-wildlife conflict management showed a significant association with stakeholders’ collaboration P<0.05, the awareness of mitigation measures r=0.106, P<0.05, and the application of mitigation measures X2=6.358, df=2, P<0.05 respectively. There is a significant relation between the collaboration in human-wildlife conflict management and local community involvement, X2=3.292 df=1, P<0.05. Effectively managing human-wildlife conflicts in Bakossi National Park requires a collaborative and community-centric approach. Additionally, the local community revealed a significant association with the people’s experience on the management of human-wildlife conflict, r=0.317, P=0.001. Human-wildlife conflict prevention is associated significantly with local community involvement, X2=5.481, df=3, P<0.05. This study clearly demonstrated the significant influence that local community involvement can have on the management of human-wildlife conflicts in some National Parks in Cameroon. Also, the study highlighted the importance of integrating local community knowledge, institutions, and practices into park management and decision-making processes. Empowering local communities as active partners in conservation, rather than viewing them as threats, can lead to more effective and equitable management of the park's resources. Recommendations include strengthening community-based natural resource management, enhancing benefit-sharing mechanisms, and fostering collaborative governance frameworks that recognise the central role of local stakeholders. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on the significance of community engagement in the conservation of protected areas in the Global South. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, park managers, and conservation practitioners working to ensure the long-term sustainability of Bakossi National Park and other similar ecosystems in the region.

PurposeOpen innovation has attracted the attention of experts and business entities for the sustainable survivability of firms, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. The food and beverage industry has been facing sustainable survivability problems. It is important to identify and evaluate the factors of open innovation from the perspectives of the food and beverage industry. This study serves that purpose by identifying and evaluating the factors of open innovation in the post-COVID-19 era with a special reference to Pakistan's economy.Design/methodology/approachThe present study integrates the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Matrice d’ Impacts Croises Multiplication Applique a Classement (MICMAC) methods to analyze the factors involved in the adoption of open innovation in the food and beverage industry in Pakistan. Firstly, based on an extensive literature review of the most relevant studies, the factors affecting open innovation have been identified and finalized using FDM and experts' opinions. Secondly, the hierarchical framework has also been prepared by implementing the ISM approach. Thirdly, the MICMAC approach was employed to evaluate the factors to examine the driving and dependence powers of the factors of open innovation adoption.FindingsThe study identified 17 factors of open innovation adoption in Pakistan's food and beverage industry and 16 factors were finalized using FDM. The ISM-MICMAC matrix unveiled that awareness seminars and training, along with a lack of executive commitments, were strong factors with high driving power, but these factors proved to be weakly dependent powers regarding the other factors. Moreover, a lack of innovation strategy, R&D and non-supportive organizational culture exhibited low driving power but strong dependent power.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study could help firms and business entities understand the driving and dependent factors involved in open innovation for the sustainable survivability of the food and beverage industry. The study provides strong reasons to believe that an open innovation strategy, along with stakeholder collaboration, the adoption of rules and regulations and managerial commitment, could stimulate open innovation. Moreover, governments should promote the business sector, especially the food and beverage industry, to facilitate the sector while also providing awareness seminars and training, creating environments conducive to reducing innovation costs.Originality/valueSome previous studies have analyzed the factors involved in green innovation from the perspective of the manufacturing industry and environmental protection. The present study is a pioneer study to examine the factors involved in the adoption of open innovation in the food and beverage industry in Pakistan from the perspective of the post-COVID-19 era. For this purpose, the present study uses an integrated Fuzzy Delphi-ISM-MICMAC approach for the analysis.

Background: This study focuses on the development strategy of community-based tourism (CBT) at Curug Dhuwur Waterfall in Wanarata Village. Village tourism showcases the uniqueness of village life, including social characteristics, natural beauty, and culture, which have the potential to attract visitors. Local community involvement is a key factor in the sustainability of rural tourism. Method: Descriptive qualitative and field study methods were used. The data comprises primary and secondary sources. The research results were analyzed using SWOT Analysis to determine effective strategies for tourism development. Findings and Conclusion: The analysis concludes that the tourism development strategy should leverage SWOT Analysis to maximize strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. The implementation of this strategy includes optimization and training in tourism management, maintaining the natural environment, promoting tourist areas, improving infrastructure, raising community awareness of sustainable tourism, organizing comparative studies for managers, and enhancing cooperation with the district government and related departments. This research aims to contribute to the development of community-based tourism in Wanarata Village. Novelty/Originality in this article: This study presents a new model in rural tourism development by combining SWOT analysis and community-based tourism (CBT) principles. This study offers a framework that can be adapted for developing other rural tourism destinations, combining environmental conservation, local economic empowerment, and cultural preservation.

Rural healing tourism business has been growing rapidly in emerging markets for revitalizing the crisis of rural tourism during the post-COVID19. The study aims to analyze the pattern of decision-making process and conflict management for rural healing tourism community.BR The data for this study was collected from 30 operators of running rural healing tourism business through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVivo 11. The results indicated that decision-making types of rural healing tourism community were grouped into five factors in order of ‘decision-making through periodic meeting of executives (11),’ ‘decision-making through stakeholder meetings in the village (7),’ ‘decision-making by the leader of the steering committee (6), ’decision-making by the town council (4),’ and ‘decision-making through meetings with external organizations (2)’. Regarding the conflict management, conflict management types were grouped into six factors in order of ‘majority rule (10),’ ‘managing and minimizing the conflict (5), ’having occasional meeting (5),’ ’leader’s mediating role (4),‘ ’clear communication (3),’ and ‘social gathering with residents (2)’. The findings suggest that setting up the conflict management plan suitable for the types of decision-making process enables it to maximize the positive function of conflict among operators and leaders and establish an effective management system.

In 2000 the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), sponsored the International Guidelines 2000 Conference on CPR and ECC. This conference led to the publication of the first international guidelines on CPR and ECC, Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: An International Consensus on Science .1 The conflict of interest (COI) policies governing the 2000 evidence discovery and consensus development process were consistent with the general COI policies in effect in the AHA at that time. Although these policies addressed disclosure and abstention from voting during subcommittee deliberations, they were, in retrospect, not sufficiently detailed to address the unique circumstances of a worldwide scientific review and consensus development process. In addition, they did not provide specific guidance for management of conflicts that arose among science reviewers, panelists, guidelines authors, and others involved in the complex guideline development process. After publication of the ECC Guidelines 2000 , the AHA was criticized for its management of potential conflicts among participants,2 particularly those participants who received industry support for research or consultation. An intense debate took place in the literature, news sections of scientific journals, and Internet chatrooms. The AHA contended that the rigor of the …

This study aims to design a new model for rural community-based tourism development in Depok Beach. It will help local government and local people develop their tourism by using easy analysis tools because the challenge in tourism business becomes nowadays critical issue. Instead of using SWOT analysis, the variables used are from the elements in a tourism business activity and community based mindset: Marketability, Sustainability, Participatory, and Disaster Mitigation (MSP + DM). These variables’ elements are determined and calculated then converted to a scale for measuring the value of existing tourism attraction and its potential of the Depok Beach Yogyakarta.

The study is devoted to the development potential of rural tourism in the member states of the European Union and the regions of Ukraine. Special emphasis was put on the issue of the diversification concepts implementation both at micro- and macroeconomic levels, and in particular at the community level. It has been pointed out that the development of policy papers and appropriate strategies should correspond sustainable development goals and general mankind`s view on the future development. Market niches, which effectively contribute to strengthening the capacity of rural tourism in the member-countries of the European Union and Ukraine have been characterized. The challenges facing the rural tourism sector caused by the current pandemic Covid-19 have been analyzed in the study. It has been paid much attention to the present day changes in European tourists` behaviour, like their interest in lower CO2 footprint, willingness to pay more for social distancing, off-season tours, etc., which has to be taken into consideraion by local entrepreneurs, authorities, and policy makers. It has been noticed that the rural tourism potential has to be studied through the prism of natural, economic and social sustainability. It has been proved that efficient exploitation of rural tourism potential contributes to the wider rural development. As national policy papers referring to the development of national sectors of the economy add parts concerning rural tourism development, we as scholars have a wide range of data to be analyzed. It has been pointed out that the potential of rural tourism in the member-countries of the European Union and Ukraine is used to resolve the problems of employment in rural areas, especially of young people and women, generate income of local rural entrepreneurs, and apply communities` resources in most efficient way to increase market players` well-being. A special attention has been focused on the need to implement European experience in the process of recovery of rural tourism in Ukraine, as the comparative analysis revealed common development features applicable for the further modernization.

Effective recovery of rural tourism in the post-COVID-19 era could consolidate achievements in poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization in China. In order to explore the factors influencing the rural tourism recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, this explorative–qualitative study chose Tianxi village in Hunan province of China as a typical case, as it has been officially selected as one of the key national villages for developing rural tourism. It was found that the process of rural tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 era consists substantially of the development and evolutionary resilience in rural tourism. In the proposed theoretical model, the governance capability of local governments, robustness of rural social networks, activeness of rural talent, innovativeness of development mechanisms, and persistence of resilience cultivation are all essential factors throughout this process. Evolutionary resilience of rural tourism could enable destinations to manage unpredictable crises and even to seize novel development opportunities.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of local stakeholders in developing a rural tourism product. With this aim, a traditional harvest day event was initiated by the researchers and the event was organized and set up by the local stakeholders. Kastamonu, a rural destination in Turkey with a great potential for but with very limited rural tourism development, was selected for the conduct of this harvest day event. Participant observations and in-depth interviews are used to identify the factors that facilitate involvement of the local community in rural tourism product deve- lopment. The results are expected to provide insights for the development of a framework relating to the assessment of the potential for sustainable rural tourism development in a given area.

Subject. The article considers the improvement of methodology for risk management of corporate conflicts in non-public companies. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the impact of the degree of regulating the procedure for implementation of various corporate rights of participants of Russian non-public companies on the frequency of the risk of corporate conflicts, and develop an econometric model enabling to predict the frequency of this risk. Methods. We employed methods of complex, systems, and correlation-regression analysis. Results. We assessed the impact of the degree of regulation of procedure for exercising various corporate rights of participants in Russian non-public companies on the frequency of the risk of corporate conflicts, and developed an econometric model that helps predict the frequency of this risk. Conclusions. Quantitative assessment of the impact of the degree of regulation of corporate rights on the frequency of corporate conflicts provides insight into what corporate rights should be regulated to reduce the risk. The compiled equation of multiple linear regression enables to predict the number of possible corporate conflicts over a certain period of time, depending on the presence of certain factors (the degree of regulation of certain corporate rights of participants). The theoretical significance of the work consists in substantiating the possibility of using quantitative methods for assessing and modeling the impact of the degree of regulation of corporate rights on the frequency of the risk of corporate conflicts. The practical significance is in the possibility of using the developed model in the activities of Russian non-public companies to minimize the risk of corporate conflicts.

The development of rural tourism requires the participation of local communities in the entire development phase starting from the planning, implementation and supervision stages. However, in reality there is Often neglect of community participation. This study aims to examine the strategy of developing Taro Rural Tourism and the involvement of local communities in development. The research in this paper was conducted in the tourist village of Taro, Gianyar Regency, Bali. Data collection is done by literature study, in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. This paper shows that the development of tourist villages in Taro can still be developed considering that Taro still has tourism potential that is very possible to be developed.